Pros and Cons of Alternative Work Schedule

Many people are now opting to find work schedules that would best fit their lifestyles and suit their needs in doing other tasks. Some people are having a difficult time adhering on the traditional work schedules or the work schedules as prescribed by their company. That is why they look for schedules that will best suit their needs and allow them to manage their time on their own. Everyone has their own perception of flexibility and work. Such perceptions may greatly depend on the personal needs, educational background, skills and the type of work that you are about to pursue.Alternative work schedules refer to the type of schedule that is not based on the conventional work schedule. Types of alternative work schedules include part-time employment, flexible leave and subcontracting. Part-time employment has the advantage of doing many jobs effectively; however, employing two part-timers may cost more than employing one full-time employee. However, part-time employment may be a bette r option than lay-offs (Rogovsky, Ozoux, Esser, Marpe & Broughton, 2005). On the other hand, subcontracting is the type of alternative work schedule that is detaching some of the employees in period of time.The employees still belong to the company but they will work for another company. Flexible leave allows the employees to avail limited leave that is agreed by the company and the employee (Rogovsky et al. , 2005). Flex-time is a growing idea in the business industry and becoming a popular option in the workplace’s work arrangements. The idea that the employees should not be tied on to their desks the whole week emerged in the 1990’s. Today, flexibility is an integral part of business. This is expected already as the new generation enters the workforce (Bitti, 2008).The inception of new technology, especially the use of computers, changed the landscape of work arrangements. It allows employees to be more present or attend to their work anytime and anywhere if their w ork is accessible in the internet. That is why more companies are embracing flexi-time work schedules for their work arrangements (Bitti, 2008). Compressed work week is becoming an option for the company to attract more employees and increase their productivity. Compressed work week means that you will work for the same number of hours as they would work for regular week but in fewer days (MacKillop, Geddie & Miedema, 2003).Compressed work week may be in the form of flexible work arrangement in order to maintain balance between work and family. Alternative work schedules provide options for the employees that have other responsibilities – either at home or at school – as most of the people that seek for alternative work schedules are mothers who are engaged in household activities and students who seek job opportunities while studying. The alternative work schedule has its own advantages and disadvantages. Flexible work arrangement is a type of alternative work schedul e that renders benefits to the employees.One of the advantages it renders is allowing employees not to commute on the rush hour that is less stressful on the part of the employees (Katepoo, 2008). Alternative work schedule also improve the morale of the employees and considerably reduce the stress experienced of the employees. Alternative work schedule can lower the absences of the employees and can contribute greatly in productivity. In addition, the overtime pay for the employees is reduced, thus lowering the costs for the employers (Beierlein & Van Horn, 1995).Moreover, there is an enhancement in the aspect of recruitment as well as for the people who may be unavailable for the traditional work schedule. The business hours are also extended due to flex-time and compressed work week options. The equipment and facilities are also economically used in alternative work schedules (Beierlein & Van Horn, 1995). One of the advantages of the flexi-time is that it allows the employees to j uggle different things while receiving a regular payment. They are able to attend to other things without sacrificing their work (Bitti, 2008).Alternative work schedule also has its own share of disadvantages. This includes mentally and physically stressful or draining for the employees working in the compressed work week arrangement. This may also become the onset of chronic fatigue due to work and family conflict time pressures in some types of alternative work schedule. The compressed work schedule may render difficulty especially for mothers who are attending household responsibilities (Katepoo, 2008). Furthermore, supervisors and subordinates may not work on the same schedule making it hard for the management to effectively manage the company.Problems may also arise in the areas of timekeeping and how benefits are distributed (Beierlein & Van Horn, 1995). There is also the possibility of lower workforce on peak days that require the managements to establish efficient cross and back-up training and good communication system to ensure high productivity. In compressed work week arrangement, people with young family members spend longer hours in the office in some days and experience difficulty in their day care obligations (MacKillop, Geddie & Miedema, 2003).The alternative work schedule is a growing trend in the business industry and slowly gaining popularity in some companies. It renders advantages not only for the employees but also for the employer and the company. However, the alternative work schedule has its own set of disadvantages for both parties.References Beierlein, J. G. & Van Horn, J. E. (1995, June). Alternative Work Schedule. National Network for Child Care. Retrieved November 12, 2008, from http://www. nncc. org/EO/emp. alt. work. sched. html.Bitti, T. (2008, July 14). What are the pros and cons of flex time?. Financial Post. Retrieved November 12, 2008, from http://www. financialpost. com/small_business/businesssolutions/story. html? id=645 783.Katepoo, P. (2008). Compressed Workweek: Pros & Cons as a Flexible Work Arrangement. WorkOptions. com. Retrieved November 12, 2008, from http://www. workoptions. com/compros. htm.MacKillop, M. , Geddie, J. & Miedema, A. (2003). Legal Terms for Human Resources Professionals. Canada: CCH Canadian Ltd. Rogovsky, N. , Ozoux, P. , Esser, D. , Marpe, T. & Broughton, A. (2005). Restructuring for Corporate Success: A Socially Sensitive Approach. Geneva: International Labour Organization.

Development and Analysis – Case study

The case study is about the challenge in the classroom in my working experience. It is about two twin boys who were in my class, whereby I was the class teacher. The boys were really bullies, rude, lazy and very abusive. They used to abuse me, their teacher, other teachers and the other pupils. These boys really stressed me to a point that I was not even concentrating in what I was supposed to do. The father of the twins was a member of the school board and taking complaints to him all the time about the bad behaviors of the boys could cost me my job.The twins could interrupt many learning sessions by making noise, abusing and beating other children, and even saying that if I report them to their father, nothing could be done as he was a member of the board. The behaviors of the twins affected the other children who went home and told their parents about it. The parents responded by calling me and coming personally to school to complain on how the twins are affecting their children f rom learning and how the class teacher and the school management had been unable to contain twins.The case was challenging to my career and was degrading the name and status of the school in general. A quick and faster action had to be taken to contain the situation. Decisions had to be made whether for better or for worse since a lasting solution was needed. The boys had to be counseled and their behaviors modeled and at the same time the pupils in my class had to be counseled. The best solution for this was to apply the behavioral modeling to the twins whereby model looks closely at the behaviors of the victims, by going back by collecting data on their behavioral history.The behavioral modeling is meant to assess at the behavioral patterns of an individual from the past and relate to them to the present, know why individual is behaving in that strange manners, whether the causes for the behavior change could be the family, environment, the friends, the workplace or the community and then look for strategies that can assist in correcting the behavior and was done in the following ways; a) Initiating a session-the counselor should first initiate a session for discussion. He/she should introduce him/herself to the twins so that they could be aware of who they are going to discuss with.The initial rapport will determine on how the discussion will flow. The counselor should tell the twins what he/she expects from them and the boys should be given time to decide if they will be willing to talk but should be given options. b) Isolation- the twins should be isolated from other children. The counselors should in isolation with the twins study their behaviors and know what is really happening. He/she should dig deep into the past history of the twins, the behaviors of the family and the circumstances that have made them to behave like so.This information can only be gotten from the twins when they alone with the counselor whereby they have the freedom of expressing t hemselves freely. When victims of the same circumstance are mixed with people of the same problem it becomes very difficult to get information from them because those who are with them may influence their answering to the questions asked. Isolation does not mean that the twins should be completely isolated from other children or the family but put in isolation when talking to the counselor.The counselor must also make sure that the isolation process does not affect the twins but improves their concentration during the discussion exercise. c) Find out about the historical background of the family/ information gathering- the consultant should critically look at the behavioral patterns of the twins’ family before making conclusions. Are there other members of the same family who are still in school and have the same behavior? The counselor should find out whether if the had been counseled previously and if there was any impact.It will be necessary to know the behavioral patterns of their parents and then relate them to those of their children. d) Show the paternal and maternal love-the counselor should at his/her level best the paternal and maternal love to the twins. The twins may be missing the love and attention of the one or both parents, and this has made the twins to become uncontrollable as there is no one to control them and show them love and affection. Every person needs the love of both parents to grow and develop normally and if the twins are missing the love and absence of their father or mother or both of them, their mind set and behavior will change.e) Become closer to the boy- the counselor should develop a very close relationship with the twins. He/she should make sure that the twins are comfortable with him/her all the time they will be spending together. The counselor should not be sympathetic to the twins as this will worsen the situation but should make sure that they understand that what they are doing is wrong and they should be read y to change their behaviors so that they will be able to interact and mix freely with the rest of the other children.They should be told that their behaviors are affecting the whole class and that parents of the other children are complaining of their behaviors. The counselor should also involve the friends of the twins to find out more about the twins behavior when they are together. The friends should be encouraged to talk to them on changing their behavior pattern and they should at the same time tell them the consequences of their bad behavior in a friendlier manner.If the twins feel that they are insecure when they are being counseled, they should be taken to a place of their choice, but should be given options or else they will dictate the situation. This will give them more freedom to express themselves and will build confidence and trust between them and the counselor. The consultant must also involve the family members who should be urged to become closer to the twins. The parents should be told Without any fear of the bad behaviors of their children and how this has had a negative impact to the other children and to the school.The family members and friends should play a bigger role in modeling the behavior of the boys through being closer and talking positively to them on how good behaviors and manners come with good rewards. Having gone through all these steps, the twins in their minds will be in a position to condemn their bad behaviors and see the need to reform for the better. Behavioral change is a long term process which needs a lot of patience and perseverance. The above actions will help solve this crisis and also create a good learning environment for the other children and at the same time ease my work as the class teacher.

A Report About Bloods Vs Crips

A Report About Bloods Vs Crips My exam paper is about one of the biggest gang wars in the whole world: The Bloods versus The Crips. The reason I have chosen this subject is because not so many people are aware of what’s going on between those two gangs. There are more gangs who are sometimes involved in this war, such as MS-13 (Florence 13) and the KKK (Ku Klux Klan), but the arguments with these groups aren’t half as worse as the war between the Bloods and the Crips. The MS 13 is a Mexican gang. They are the one of the most dangerous gangs in the whole world, sais the FBI. They mostly operate in Mexico, but also in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and in Nicaragua. In the US they operate in states as Texas and California. The Ku Klux Klan is a group of people who are very racial against outsiders. They mostly hate black people (à   Bloods and Cribs), because they weren’t happy about the decision back in the days that all black people were free. But the do not only hate black people, they al so hate other people with a color, people who are anti-catholic and Jews. Sometimes these people get killed by members of the Ku Klux Klan. But as I was saying, the conflicts with these groups aren’t half as bas as the conflicts between the Bloods and the Cribs. Everyday people die because of these conflicts. Also everyday more and more people become members of these groups. The two groups operate especially in the West coast and in the South coast, mostly in Los Angeles and Compton. First I’m going to give you some information about The Crips, than I’m going to give you some information about The Bloods. The Crips TheCrips(Community Revolution In Progress) are a primarily, but not exclusively,African Americangang. They were founded inLos Angeles, Californiain 1971 by Raymond WashingtonandStanley Williams. File:Stanley ‘Tookie’ Williams mugshot.jpgStanley â€Å"Tookie† Williams met Raymond Lee Washington in 1969, and the two decided to unite their local gang members from the west and east sides ofSouth Central Los Angelesin order to battle neighboring street gangs. Most of the members were very young.Some of them weren’t even 18 years old yet. The most of them were African American, but there were also Mexican people who joined there group. Stanley Tookie Williams(December 29, 1953 – December 13, 2005) was born inNew Orleans,Louisiana andwas one of the two leaders of the Crips. In 1979 he was condemned of four murders that he committed during robberies and he went to prison for the rest of his life. In jail, he write many books about his live and other things, like books including anti-gang and violence literature. Tookie Williams was asked to help the police with the investigation to get the criminals of his gang, but he refused to help and was involved with many attacks on guards, tried to escape a couple, but there wasn’t any evidence that he planned this. In 1993, Williams began making changes i n his behavior, and became an anti-gang activist while onDeath Row inCalifornia. He renounced his gang affiliation and apologized for his role in founding the Crips. He also co-wrote children’s books and participated in efforts intended to prevent youths from joining gangs.[1]A biographical TV-movie entitledRedemption: The Stan Tookie Williams Storywas made in 2004, and featuredJamie Foxxas Williams.

Global Management Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Global Management Report - Assignment Example The company uses the number to strategize on long-term sustainable growth. The annual report of 2014 indicated a 4.3% market share above top competitors such as Kantar Grocery Market (Johnlewispartnership.co.uk, 2015). Operating margin is measured in percentage and often expressed as a part of the revenue (Marr, 2012). John Lewis uses operating margin to measure or indicate its overall profitability. The company uses the data to evaluate the pricing strategy and operating efficiency. The company generated an operating margin of 5.2% in 2014 due to pension operating and restructuring costs. John Lewis uses this measure to know the amount of profit left after cost and expense deductions are made. The deductions must be made before partnership bonus, tax and exceptional item. The company knows its trading strength when it utilizes profit before partnership bonus, tax and exceptional item. John Lewis struggled with increased pension cost in 2014 and generated $375.9M. Group profit margin is a percentage of revenue and is expressed through profit before partnership bonus, tax and exceptional item (Marr, 2012). John Lewis uses group profit margin measure to know how its profitability is changing with different revenue levels. The company generated a group profit margin of 3.6% after exceptional item was included (Johnlewispartnership.co.uk, 2015). Measuring the amount of cash generated through group business operation is essential for John Lewis. John Lewis group uses cash flow from operations measures to ascertain if there is adequate positive cash flow to sustain its operation and indicate the need for external financing. The cash flow is generated from Group business operations. Normal pension contributions went high in 2014 and contributed to $784M cash flow. The figure was also attributed to low improvements in the company’s working capital. The company’s process of acquiring physical and intangible assets such as

Critique of a Political Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Critique of a Political Speech - Essay Example The opening phrase â€Å"Good evening, tonight I can report to the American people and the world†¦Ã¢â‚¬  makes it clear that the speech is a formal announcement, and that the President is conscious that his words will become a part of history. The word â€Å"report† implies that he will stick to a factual account, and the language that he uses to describe events in Pakistan follow this up, for example â€Å"an operation† (paragraph 1) â€Å"counterterrorism professionals† (paragraph 6) â€Å"a targeted operation (paragraph 11) â€Å"took custody of his body† (paragraph 11). This use of plain and logical language, describing neutrally what happened is called an appeal through logos. The action is presented as a straightforward continuation of America’s counter-terrorism strategy following the 9/11 terrorist atrocities. This can be seen when the President sets out the chronological train of events in his planning and execution of anti-terroris t actions: â€Å"Over the years I have repeatedly made clear that we would take action†¦That is what we have done† (paragraph 15) The timeline of consistent and logical action is also projected into the future: â€Å"Yet his death does not mark the end of our effort†¦ We must – and we will – remain vigilant† (paragraph 13). The way that the President delivers the speech is sober and serious, with no pageantry and no audience present. He stands in a dark suit at a podium, inside the Whitehouse but not in any remarkable location. The American flag is held in shot at the opening but the camera focuses very quickly upon the President’s head and shoulders. There is a small â€Å"WHGOV† logo at the top right of the screen, and a full White House credits screen is shown at the end, but apart from that there is no emphasis on the Presidential status of the speaker. This is very clever, because it allows the President to speak as a human be ing, as well as a head of state. He appears determined and calm, and not triumphalist. He even acknowledges the work of his predecessor in office and political opponent, and agrees with him: â€Å"I ‘ve made clear, just as President Bush did shortly after 9/11,†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (paragraph 14) This persona of the calm and dignified leader, victor in long battle and steadily carrying on with the country’s business is an appeal through ethos. It uses President Obama’s political status and personal manner to persuade the audience that â€Å"this is a good and historic day† (paragraph 16) and â€Å"Justice has been done.† (paragraph 19). These last two statements are delivered in the same sober style as the accounts of the action of Pakistan, inviting the audience to trust in his judgement on these matters of interpretation. In fact the President must have known that there would be a lot of angry and worried reactions to the fact that Osama bin Laden was e xecuted without trial. It could be argued that he was not brought to justice at all, and that invading Pakistani air space without permission and then killing him was an act of terrorism which America should be ashamed to admit. These technicalities are not mentioned by the President, and his reassuring persona encourages the audience to concentrate on the result, and not the means that was used to get there. The most obvious rhetorical appeals in the speech are those which use the technique of pathos, a style defined as â€Å"an appeal based on emotion†

Analysing few thing about me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysing few thing about me - Essay Example This makes them sound bossy to others. Being a good listener is a very good quality that people appreciate. People tend to make friends with me because they think of me as a person whom they can approach for the solutions of their problems as they think I would listen to them. Being a positive thinker is just as helpful as being a good listener in this regard. People find that positive energy in me that they lack in so many other people around them. In an age when there is so much emphasis on materialism, competition, and hatred, people look out for sources of positive energy. So someone with positive thinking really attracts them. Being a good leader is a strength that has benefited me always both academically and professionally. The importance of being a good leader in the contemporary age cannot be overemphasized. One’s leadership skills are needed at almost every step in life. Even in studies, we are required to work as part of a group and assume leadership role from time to time. Being a good leader has helped me achieve my goals efficiently. My weaknesses are that I am very emotional and straight-forward. While being emotional is good to a certain extent, it becomes a weakness when one loses control upon one’s emotions. To hear other’s problems makes me highly emotional. I cry more than most people my age from my gender would do. This makes me appear a little immature to others, but many a times, it is not in my control. Being straight-forward is a bigger issue than being emotional. My straight-forwardness tends to counter my good listening. Sometimes, my friends become angry with me because I tell them their faults straight in their faces. They expect me to be more humble and choosy in my words than I am. I believe that every person, male or female, should try to increase their strengths and decrease their weaknesses. While this is possible to a certain extent, all strengths cannot be increased just like all weaknesses cannot be

Understanding Challenges In The Third Sector Essay - 3

Understanding Challenges In The Third Sector - Essay Example Now besides donations, the organization charges for its services from people who can afford to pay, which enables them to look after poor and destitute people. Large businesses and corporations donate generously to such organizations in the form of cash and kind. They help with the purchase of equipment, construction and contribute whatever is needed for extraordinary circumstances. The public also trust charitable organization and appreciates the work that they are doing. The public also donates in their individual capacities according to what they can afford. Besides cash and kind, many people voluntarily give their time to these organizations, which spares the organization from spending money to hire people for performing these tasks. People also organize walks and other special events such as musical programs, shows or organize dinners for raising funds. All proceeds are all donated to charitable organizations such as St. Elizabeth to meet all its expenses. What I think is that to be successful, charitable organizations need a local as well as an international perspective. The local chapter addresses and looks after communal issues, while their global perspective, reputation and image is looked after by the international wing. In this technological age, the international image is as important as the local image and reputation of the organization. The global recession has left more people without jobs and needing help from charitable organizations. Cost of Medicare have more than tripled in the last decade, and even people who are earning well might not be able to afford medical expenses for their dependents, especially those requiring special care. With the economy in such a bad condition and people without jobs, it is not possible to raise adequate funds from local communities. Charitable organizations have to look outside their localities and sometimes even outside their countries for support for their charitable work. . I know for a fact

Report on the Role of Project Management in the Modern Business Essay

Report on the Role of Project Management in the Modern Business Enterprise - Essay Example 3.1. The author used the books listed in the appropriate section marked Reference List. Each book was reviewed and their relevant contents included in this report. In-text citations refer to direct quotations lifted or paraphrased from these references. 4.1.1. A Project is a temporary endeavour undertaken to achieve a particular aim. Every project is time-bound, constrained by time and resources, temporary and unique, may involve human resources from one department or from the whole organisation, and require planning, execution, and control (PMI, 2004, p. 3-4). 4.1.2. Project Management is the "application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to a broad range of activities to meet the requirements of the particular project. Project management knowledge and practices are best described in terms of their component processes: Initiating, Planning, Executing, Controlling and Closing" (PMI, 2004, p. 8). 4.1.2.1. A project management team established to work on the project has the task of balancing and satisfying several (often competing) stakeholder interests as to the project's scope, deadlines, financial requirements, risk, and quality while achieving the project's objectives (PMI, 2004, pp. 9-10). 4.1.3. Efficiency and Effectiveness are respectively defined by Drucker (2003, pp. 66-67) as "doing things right" and "doing the right thing". He adds that balancing both is the mark of a business enterprise that is managed properly. 4.1.3.1. Modern business enterprises are characterised by complexity, the need for reaction speed to changes in the marketplace, and business competition. 4.1.3.2. Project management use in modern business enterprises range from the mundane (organising an employee party) to the extraordinary (moving the head office to another location), and from the simple (investigating the failure of a new product) to the complex (launching a marketing information system). All these involve the use of resources (people, finances, materials, and facilities) that need to be managed through a set of activities to achieve a defined objective within a specific timeframe and each provides a venue for the application of project management tools. 4.1.3.3. Several project management tools available to modern business enterprises enable them to manage projects with efficiency and effectiveness. Most of these tools developed in the 1950s from the scientific management theories of F.W. Taylor established in the late 19th century were

International Law , A treaty is basically an agreement between parties Assignment

International Law , A treaty is basically an agreement between parties on the international scene. Although treaties may be co - Assignment Example Sources of international law are referred as materials as well as procedures by which a state tends to impose certain guidelines and rules in order to regulate the international trade community. Moreover, international law is also characterised as a kind of obligation which exists between two or more states. It comprises international institutions which play major roles administrating the issues regarding legal matters in terms of global telecommunication, human rights and ‘the law of the sea’. It is a decentralized form of law which is developed by the states generally in the form of global conferences, treaties and usual international law enactments1. Based on this context, the study concentrates on the nature and operation of the treaties as a valid source of international law. Literature Review It is in this context that various studies have been conducted with the sole intention to understand the implications of international law in relation to the treaties signed b y two or more states. ... trines regarding the sources of international law studied by various scholarly writers concentrating on the conditions under which treaties and basic guidelines of the law acted as a hierarchy. As stated by Kennedy (1987), the ‘International Court of Justice (ICJ)’ whose operation is determined according to the international law, court is bound to be applied under the four sources i.e., ‘global conference’, ‘international custom’, ‘general guidelines of the law’ and ‘judicial decisions’. Notably, all these four sources have been mentioned in Article 38(1) of the Statue of the ICJ. Moreover this article also states that as per the enumeration of these sources, ICJ should be scrutinized in order to find the necessary legal concerns to resolve the cases of the states involved through treaties2. According to D’Amato (1962), treaties are often enacted as a source of ‘General Rules of the International Lawâ€℠¢. It is in this context that the example of the ‘Nottebohm Case’ which took place in the year 1955 is regarded as a significant illustration of ICJ’s judgements regarding treaties. Undoubtedly, this case has been considered as an isolated instance regarding the utilization of the treaties. It was fundamentally owing to the reason that this case was related with the report regarding the international tribunals where one party(s) supports the argument of the treaty while the other party(s) perceives a contradictory view concerning similar aspects. In addition, D’Amato (1962) affirms that customary international laws only recover the small section of the global functioning norms and frequently concentrate upon the interference of rules and regulations of the treaty within the field of customary practices. In modern times certain areas of

A Letter Of A Prisoner Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Letter Of A Prisoner - Essay Example Inside the prison, we have a small clinic, something similar to the family doctor. One day I had a bad stomach ache and they took me to that clinic. The doctor examined me and assured me that I was going to be all right and that there was no major problem to worry about. The pain stayed with me for two days, after that, they took me to the hospital with two guards because the doctor in the prison’s clinic did not know what I actually have. In the hospital, they said that it was the appendix, so I had the appendix operation done for me, and then I went back to the prison. In fact, the guards who were accompanying me were treating were very nice people. They treated me so nicely and for once I felt a touch of the love that I so long to have close to me; your motherly love. I noticed that they were better than when we are in prison. I suppose this was out of compassion. Normally they are not nice people, especially when dealing with us. Prison-officers are tough and stern in the jail. They often insult us, and however much we try to be good and obedient, they can never command us for our behavior. All they do is an insult and mock us; that is the life that I have to live here in prison. We are not treated with less dignity and handled like animals or some creatures that are less human. It is correct that we are here owing to the fact that we are convicted as criminals, even though, it is enough for us to be punished with the confinement. However, not all the warders are that bad.... In hospital they said that it was the appendix, so I had the appendix operation done for me, and then I went back to the prison. In fact, the guards who were accompanying me were treating were very nice people. They treated me so nicely and for once I felt a touch of the love that I so long to have close to me; your motherly love. I noticed that they were better than when we are in prison. I suppose this was out of compassion. Normally they are not nice people, especially when dealing with us. Prison-officers are tough and stern in the jail. They often insult us, and however much we try to be good and obedient, they can never commend us for our behavior. All they do is insult and mock us; that is the life that I have to live here in prison. We are not treated with less dignity, and handled like animals, or some creatures that are less human. It is correct that we are here owing to the fact that we are convicted as criminals, even though, it is enough for us to be punished with the co nfinement. However, not all the warders are that bad. I usually meet a few good ones when I go to the library to study. Let me tell you something about the prison routine. Our day starts at 7:15 every morning lights,and lights are usually on by then. We are allowed to take breakfast from 7:45 a.m. until 9:30 a.m. Breakfast is the same every day; two boiled eggs and some cheese, this comes with bread and a glass of orange juice. Lunchtime is from 1:00 until 3:00 in the afternoon. It is usually rice and chicken, and salad on the side. Nonetheless, I have heard from the other inmates that during some special occasions we could have either meat or fish instead of the chicken.

Writing book process Essay Example for Free

Writing book process Essay Many don’t understand how the process to write a book, they believe it is challenging to create an original piece. Although it is actually pretty simple, you just have to add your insights and let your context add information to change it up a bit. E.B White does this by composing essays with his own insights, of events which relate and he just goes off rambling about a topic but then ends up relating it to the main idea of the essay so the reader is able to see a different perspective about the topic while seeing a different insight which they might have never thought of before. As White relates it back to the main idea he shows the truth behind the event he had been talking about prior and importance to the main idea. An example of this is when White says â€Å"Over a period of thirty years, I have occupied eight caves in New York, eight digs—four in the Village, one on Murray Hill, three in Turtle Bay. In New York, a citizen is likely to keep on the move, shopping for the perfect arrangement of rooms and vistas, changing his habitation according to fortune, whim, and need. And in every place he abandons he leaves something vital, it seems to me, and starts his new life somewhat less encrusted, like a lobster that has shed its skin and is for a time soft and vulnerable.† In Good-Bye to Forty-Eighth Street on page 6 where he is actually talking about how we move on and find new things and new places. Even though these places will end up not working out we should enjoy them and enjoy life in the meanwhile. White wrote this essay relating to the atomic weapons and he said how you will not know when something bad will happen so you should just live and appreciate your life, and through his personal stories one was able to see the importance of realizing that life is short, to live it, doing the things you love to do. A second example is I am reminded of the advice of my neighbor: Never worry about your heart till it stops beating.† I guess I had never watched, my coon descend the tree a hundred ties, even so†(Coon Tree) in this passage White continues with this theme saying how even though it happened so many times then White explains how. When you analyze this you see how it is important to life and happens daily but we don’t realize it usually. Concluding throughout the essay is set up allowing the reader to understand parts and not others when you have to add your idea into it. It is saying how we should at things in a different perspective so you see the complete story.

Personal Identity Essay Example for Free

Personal Identity Essay Who am I? Descartes’ answer was simply I am a mind (sum res cogitans). Descartes arrived at this answer by introspection – by looking inside himself. David Hume offered a brilliant critique of the idea that one can find one’s self through introspection.   â€Å"When I turn my reflection on myself, I never can perceive this self without some one or more perceptions; nor can I ever perceive anything but the perceptions. It is the composition of these, therefore, which forms the self. † (Treatise, Appendix) In other words, we have no direct knowledge of or experience of the self; we only have knowledge of particular sensations, memories, and so on.   We must suppose that there is something that underlies or bundles together these sensations, and that is the self. Personal Identity When philosophers talk about â€Å"personal identity,† they are asking how it is that two distinct persons can be the same. Lets have persons a and b. Suppose a = you (aged 16) and b = you (now).   What makes you remain the same person? You are the same person over time because you have the same soul (dualism), also, if and only if you have access to the same store of memories, if there is a continuity of your organism (Animalism) and if and only if you have the same brain view over time.

Female Versus Male Homosexuality In Romantic Literature English Literature Essay

Female Versus Male Homosexuality In Romantic Literature English Literature Essay In Romantic poetry, there is a distinct disparity in the representation of male and female homoeroticism. Male homosexual poetry generally constitutes an intricate synthesis of personal feeling and Hellenistic-like homosocial tradition. Female homoerotic portrayals, however, are typically torn between either a sexually sublimed romantic friend ideal or a voyeuristic heterosexual male fantasy pervaded with panic induced by female sexuality. In other words, explicitly lesbian poetry undergoes heterosexualization that dilutes, and in some cases entirely overturns, any liberating potential the poem would otherwise possess. Moreover, while gay male narratives are often privileged within mythologized Hellenistic context and therein become purified and legitimized, lesbian poetry is denied access to a parallel Sapphic tradition. Thus, lesbians become de-Hellenised in Romantic poetry, alienating the reader from a positive tradition of female homoerotica. In To Lady Eleanor Butler and the Honourable Miss Ponsonby Wordsworth writes of the scandalous and infamous romantic friendship of the Ladies of Llangollen, two women who ran away from conventional marriage pressures and started a life together. The poem is saturated with a sense of close friendship and kinship without being blatantly sexual, and this deters reading the poem as a male fantasy. It seemingly advocates the security of the women, but neglects to portray the reality of the relationship as sexual. This reflects the general view of such relationships in the period: female pairs might, if they maintained a faà §ade of genteel respectability, be acclaimed, after the fashion of the day, as idealised romantic friends(483). Accordingly, the relationship between the Lady Eleanor and Miss Ponsonby is described primarily through euphemism and code. For example, Wordsworth describes the womens house as a Vale of Friendship(10) for the sisters in love(13). This conscious use of deli cately-worded expression and naming of the vale acts as a sort of cipher in the poem; it uses a platonic term like friendship in naming the location, suggesting that friendship is what exists there, but then uses a kinship term to describe what the reader familiar with the story knows is not real; the women are not, in fact sisters. Therefore, for them to be in love, the reader infers a similar hint that there is nothing sisterly about the love. Wordsworths construction of space in the poem also significantly influences its portrayal of the lesbian relationship. By addressing the ladies together in the title and referencing the vale, he creates a well-defined spatial framework in which this poem operates. He connects the space with nature and therefore keeps it in line with Romantic tradition: In Natures face the expression of repose(4). More than this, however, he illustrates this space as being a rare refuge for expression of lesbian desire, such that the ladies love can be allowed to climb . . . above the reach of time'(13). Therefore, the poem essentially addresses its own homophobic theme and by designing safe space for the lesbian lifestyle, it also draws attention to the dangerousness of it. In Christabel and Geraldine (lines 236-277 from Christabel), Samuel Taylor Coleridge designs a representation of female homoerotics that is, in many ways, different from Wordsworths. Outwardly, the lines are an empathetic exploration of tortured and repressed lesbian desire through the arrangement of Christabel and Geraldine as lovers. However, it is important to note that this reading can never go beyond compassion due to the omnipresent male presence. This presence, if the reader is to understand it as being Coleridge himself- that is, a heterosexual and very probably homophobic male(#)- therefore influences the readers analysis of lesbian desire in the poem. Accounting for the male persona, two potentially contradictory moods coexist in the poem-heteronormative panic and male voyeuristic fanstasy. The physical descriptions of Christabel and Geraldine act to deconstruct, and thus objectify, the women by mentioning their body parts: Her gentle limbs(stanza 20), her lids(stanza 21), her elbow(stanza 21) and ultimately, her breast(stanza 21). Obviously absent from these bodily descriptions is any mention of female genitalia, a conscious avoidance on Coleridges part; he wishes to circumvent the mention of phallic-barren sexual satisfaction of the lesbian couple. Since the poem is ultimately governed by a male persona, lesbian sex cannot exist as a valid coital act; a focus on parts of the female anatomy that are traditionally and acceptably sexualized like limbs and breasts without mentioning the genitalia maintains the idea that true sexual intercourse is between a man and a woman. Accompanying this denial of implied true sexual satisfaction are descriptions of mental and physical anguish. Christabels brain is described as one of weal and woe (stanza 21) while Geraldine describes the mark of [her] shame, this seal of [her] sorrow(stanza 23). Depicting lesbians as tormented may serve several purposes. In one sense, Geraldines declaration of shame indicates indicative self-hatred, reflecting the contemporary belief that those who engaged in homosexual activity are constantly aware of their insolent perverseness and therefore more likely to continue to self-harm. This punishes lesbian sexual interaction and therefore shields consequent male arousal in the form of acceptable persecution. Furthermore, Geraldine communicates a sense of frustration when she says to Christabel: But vainly thou warrest, For this is alone in Thy power to declare, That in the dim forest Thou heardst a low moaning, And foundst a bright lady, surpassingly fair: And didst bring her home with thee, in love and in charity, To shield her and shelter her from the damp air. (stanza 23) Geraldine expresses contempt that Christabel sought her out merely under the pretenses of platonic assistance, and that lesbian sexual interaction had not been the primary motivation, implying that sexual acts between women are inherently secondary to heterosexual sex. Despite the apparent conflict of the representation of female homoerotic activity in Wordsworths and Coleridges poems, there are key similarities that provide understanding into Romantic homoeroticism. For example, though lesbian desire in the poems is treated differently, both poets use the natural world as a conceptual framework for their particular representations of female homoerotics. While Wordsworth uses nature as a space in which lesbian desire is safely expressed, Coleridge uses the dim forest to essentially neutralize female sexuality and set Christabels pursuit of Geraldine explicitly as non-erotic motive. The poems also share the presence of a male presence which, in both cases, biases them, a characteristic that is ironic given the female-centered content. Although the male presence may not explicitly attempt to negatively represent female sexual relationships, female homosexuality becomes disemboldened and portrayed as less legitimate as a result. Contrary to female homoeroticism, there is a distinct freedom in the portrayal of male homoerotics in two poems The Cornelian and the To Eddleston (from Childe Harolds Pilgrimage, stanzas 95-96). These poems are about Byrons relationship with a choirboy named Eddleston, written years apart, and though the former shares similarities with the sexual vagueness of Wordsworths poem, it, unlike the other, is allowed to be reflected in Greek Love and the Hellenistic tradition. The Cornelian references specifically Greek pederastic tradition. One example of this is the use of the term pledge, a traditional Athenian approach to pederastic relationships. This allows the subject matter an known association with homosexuality, though to further ensure social acceptability, Byron does not focus explicitly on physical or sexual attraction between the two men. In fact, this early homoerotic poem in Byrons repertoire models a conservative euphemistic approach in the portrayal of its content much lik e Wordsworths poem. The only real capability of a sexual encounter between the Byron and Eddleston occurs in a safe pastoral setting where lovers can isolate themselves from the disapproving society: But he, who seeks the flowers of truth/Must quit the garden for the field. PEDERASTIC POWER STRUCTURE. which is characterized by a disparity in desire, To Eddleston, however, composed years after The Cornelian, is more explicit in its homosexual relationship between Eddleston and Byron. In it, Byron avoids euphemism and sublimation into friendship, such as that which occurs in Wordsworths To lady Eleanor Butlerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. A comparison of the titles themselves begins to describe the difference in the poems. In The Cornelian, the content centers on a cornelian stone given to Byron by Eddleston around which Byron can employ Hellenistic structure. In To Eddleston, however, Byron focuses explicitly on his personal feelings regarding the death of Eddleston. While the first poem most easily implies friendship, the second poem describes Byrons lover as being now, more than friend. In contrast to a pederastic power structure, the power relationship in To Eddleston is implied to be more balanced between the two men. The most significant difference between the two poems, however, is the degradation of the boundary between homoerotic and the homosocial with differences in imagery. While this poem reflects notions of ideal love between men it also problematises this ideal through its use of sadomasochistic imagery. The 96th stanza is characterised by the use of violent metaphor. Byron describes himself as being pierced by arrows, an image that invokes both notions of romantic love through the tradition of Eros and also sadomasochistic penetration by the phallus in the tradition of Saint Sebastian, thus sexualizing the wounded male body. Thus, in what may be viewed as a tame evolution of the Hellenistic tradition represented in The Cornelian, Byron uses To Eddleston to express both the emotional and sexual relationship between he and Eddleston. The starkest difference between Wordsworth and Coleridges lesbian poetry and Byrons male homosexual poetry is that the representation of homoerotics is directly informed by the Byrons personal experience. His poems about male homosexuality are framed by the male presence of an author who is, himself, a character in the poetry, distinguishing these poems from the heterosexual voyeurism explored in the analysis of the lesbian poems. Byron has the freedom to approach homoerotic material with more sensitivity and nuance without objectifying the sexual and emotional attraction between the two lovers. Furthermore, the manner in which female and male depictions of homoeroticism explore Greek homosexual tradition is greatly inhibited by male writers of lesbian poetry verses male writers of male homosexual poetry. Byron utilizes a particular version of Greek mythology to portray and legitimize male homosexuality; in contrast, the women of Romantic poetry are denied access to Sapphic mythology and thus their Greek homosexual tradition. Though Romantic poetry does address the issue of same-sex love, it approaches male and female homosexuality in contrasting ways. Through the construction of lesbian desire in Coleridge and Wordsworth, the reader is positioned to read the narrative through a decidedly heterosexual discursive framework. Thus, female homoerotics must become either sublimated to a romantic and desexualized ideal or degenerate into male voyeurism characterized by ambivalent heterosexual fantasy and phallocentric panic. These disparities in construction are summarized in the way in which the concept of Greek Love is incorporated into the homosexual narratives of Romantic poetry. Hellenistic homoeroticism it remains important to Byrons justification of homosexual tradition and forms an integral element of his construction of homoerotics. Contrastingly, female homoerotics are decontextualized and through the denial of a specifically lesbian tradition, become demonized.

Julius Caesar :: essays papers

Julius Caesar In the book Julius Caesar, by William Shakespeare, Cassius and the conspirators depicted Caesar as being ambitious. He was also said to not be ambitious by Mark Antony. He was, however, ambitious. This is because he refused the crown three times, he did not listen to the warnings that people gave him throughout the book, and he did not end the punishment he placed upon Metellus Cimber^s brother, Publius Cimber. These were all acts of ambition. On the Lupercal, Mark Antony presented Caesar with a crown. Caesar then proceeded to turn down the crown three times. The reason he did this is because the crown was not the real one, but only a coronet. This is known when Casca tells Brutus and Caesar, ^I saw Mark Antony offer him a crown (yet ^twas not a crown neither; ^twas one of those coronets), and as I told you, he put it by once; but for all that, to my thinking, he would fain have had it.^ The reason that this was ambitious is because it shows that he wanted more than they offered him and that he wasn^t satisfied with just that. It also shows that he feels that he is too good for it. After he turned down the crown, the people watching yelled because they wanted him to take the crown. This shows he does not listen to others. Throughout the book, Caesar received many warnings about his death. All of these warnings he refused. The Soothsayer told him to ^beware the Ides of March,^ Calphurnia told him about her dreams, the owl was seen in the capitol during the daytime, the slaves hand caught on fire, and the sky spit fire. All of these were warnings that Caesar did not listen to. He pushed away the Soothsayer and said, ^He is a dreamer. Let us leave him. Pass.^ This shows that he will not accept advice from anyone. If he does this, then he will be a tyrant. When Calphurnia told him about her dream, he did not listen to her. Instead, he listened to flattery, which he said he disliked. These shows that he was also a hypocrite and that he would only listen to or do what sounded better for him. All of these things reveal that he has a huge ego. This is ambitious because a person with a big ego will only do things that will benefit him. Before Caesar is stabbed, Metellus Cimber and the conspirators approach him and ask him to let Publius Cimber back into the kingdom.

Winter Oak :: essays research papers

1.a) Our gut reaction to Winter Oak is that it had a lot of meaning, but was dull and tedious. Some words and phrases we used to relate our thoughts on the story are as follows: - Boring. - Monotonous. - No real conflict. - No feeling. - No real plot. - Didn’t invoke a strong reaction. - There was a definite lesson to be learned. 1.b) Yuri Nagibin used different devices to evoke various reactions in us, some of these were: The dialogue; it was concise yet boring but realistic for example, when Anna Vasilyevna was trying to teach the children their nouns. "A noun is a part of speech that denotes an object. In grammar an†¦" (Nagibin 59). Much of this dialogue is unnecessary; we the reader understands what goes on in the classroom, and two pages are not needed to establish nouns. Also, through dialogue Anna proved to be a snob. "’Good morning Anna Vasilyevna!’ Frolov raised his fur hat above his solid, close-cropped head. ‘what are you doing! Put it back on it’s freezing!’ Frolov probably wanted to pull his fur over his eyes himself†¦" (Nagibin 58). Anna feels as though she is high and mighty, and will not even acknowledge Frolov’s attempt of respect towards her. There were very powerful images present in the forest, such as the gigantic winter oak. The image of Savushkin standing in front of the Winter Oak, in utter awe of its splendo r and Anna Vasilyevna realizing the beauty of the winter oak appeals to the sight, because it is easy to picture in our minds. stood an oak as enormous and magnificent as a cathedral. The trees seemed to part respectfully to allow their older companion to spread out in full force. Its lower branches stretched out in a tent over the clearing. The snow had filled the deep crevices of the bark, and the trunk, which was so wide that it would have taken three men to get their arms around it, looked as if it were shot through with silver thread. It had hardly shed any of its foliage which had dried up during the fall; the oak was covered with snow-capped leaves to the very top. (Nagibin 65) We experienced an unexpected plot twist when the stern Anna Vasilyevna went into the forest, and understood Savushkin’s point of view about the winter oak, and why he was late everyday. "’My God!’ Anna Vasilyevna thought painfully.

Hersheys Food Corporation :: essays research papers

The Hershey Food Corporation is a very successful and quality business. Many products are manufactured by this corporation. Most relating, but not limited to chocolate. The corporation plays a role in deciding where products are produced. Hershey’s has expanded to both Canada and Mexico, which calls for many corporate decisions. There are an amazing amount of products associated with Hershey. These include Jolly Ranchers, Hershey Kisses, Hershey drink mixes, the entire line of Reese’s products as well as good old fashion chocolate bars. These products serve in the candy/snack foods division of sales. Society could do without them... but why would we want to?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hershey’s takes advantage of many different types of advertising. Television commercials and ads are very common. Sponsorships is also another very common way Hershey advertises. Hershey sponsors everything from ice skating shows, to racecars. The Hershey Food Corporation is very competitive so they need this type of advertising. However, the only other major corporation to compete with is Mars. The chocolate industry is diffidently not pure competition. Mars and Hershey’s form an oligopoly. Hershey’s has so many different kind of products that they have a lot of competition. The company has branched out to where they’re not only competing against other chocolates but also for fruit candies, and baking chocolate and chocolate drinks as well. The fact that so many products are offered, extends the corporation to different divisions. Mexico and Canada have manufacturing plants. Seventeen manufacturing plants include Hershey, Pa (Hershey p lant, Reese plant, West Hershey plant0, Hazleton, PA, Lancaster, PA, Memphis, Tenn., Naugatuck, Conn., New Brunswick, NJ, Oakedale, CA, Palmyra, PA, Reading, PA, Robinson, Ill., Stuarts Draft, VA, Wheatridge, CO, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Montreal, Quebec, Smiths Falls, Ontario, and Guadalajara, Mexico.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As successful as Hershey’s is, some factors have influenced set backs for the company. Devaluation in Brazil, Russia’s economic collapse, restructuring in China and the Asian financial crisis. World economics effect the Hershey’s company as well. Another closer to home setback occurred with a pasta divestiture. Evidently they tried a new venture in the pasta industry, but sold it because it just wasn’t making enough money.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mr. Hershey treated his employees exceptionally well, ever since he first opened his business. His personal philosophy revolved around sharing wealth with others and helping who he could. Even in the Great Depression he employed as many people as he could. His business helped support an entire town, built around his factory.

Music Essay

Music is an eloquent medium of expressing ideas, feelings, dreams, aspirations and values as individuals and as a people. 1 People exposed to a wide variety of music ranging from the folksy to the contemporary top tunes, from the classical to the favorite songs of yesteryears, not only imparts knowledge but also develops skills and values which make music truly exhilarating and inspiring. It enhances a deep sense of humanism, nationalism, and spirituality. Music derived from the word â€Å"Muses;† the names of the daughters of Zeus who governed all the beauty and harmony in the world according to the Greek mythology. It’s unlimited cure of the aching heart and troubled mind of a tense person. Music as it is known, the language of the soul. In the view of combining sounds it is the science or art of pleasing, impressive or intelligible combinations of tones. Results of recent studies reveal that music learning especially on instrumental playing promotes mental development, concentration and patience. It also develops self confidence aside from its great contribution to cultural and aesthetic development. Music comes to men in different ways. To be hindered, uncultured tribes, tones, coming in unison from the musical instruments could be the most harmonized melodies; to a new born babe, music is her mother’s soothing voice; to an aging grandfather, what is the most melodious sound but the first uninhibited giggles of a grandson, his first perhaps. Music the nourishment of the soul, a gift of heaven and unending universal goal of persons born with rhythmic fingers, ears of precision, creative minds and varying emotions. Music a hymn from the angels passing through the brooks with its murmuring moans; through the leaves with the dying whispers; through the rippling and agonizing tones of the bells, through the rolling crystal waves of the equable sea heading for a reunion with the majestic boulders and the long stretched white sands and ponder on. The clinical implications of the effects of the music were evident to physicians in America as far back as colonial days. Music was used therapeutically in mental hospitals as early as 1692. Shortly thereafter, Samuel Mathews of Virginia commented on the highly beneficial effects of music and suggested its introduction as from of therapy into the Pennsylvania Hospital. 2 That music is of great value in psychiatric treatment is evident from its rapid rise to importance as adjunctive therapy. However, to be effective, such a program must be individualized with a view to the specific psychological conflicts of the individual and must be used within the framework of an overall treatment goal. In treatment of psychiatric patients, music is used in different ways: as a form of recreational therapy and as means of establishing contact with the patient in intensive psychotherapy. Its widest use in mental hospitals is for recreational purposes. Weekly dances, community singing and ether forms of group musical activity do much in relieving the intense loneliness of the mental health patient. In the operating room itself, properly chosen music can divert the patient’s attention virtually to the exclusion of the customarily ominous sights and sounds. Heavily sedation frequently is required thus increasing the possibility of untoward effects. In contrast to this, the uses of music as an adjunct to anesthesia and during convalescence often lessens the need for pre-operative and post-operative medication, ache the induction of anesthesia smoother, and help to eliminate post-anesthesia retching. â€Å"Music has been used extensively throughout history as a healing force to alleviate illness and distress, but only in recent times has the specific discipline of music therapy begun to evolve† (1994). A professional music therapist came through in the mid-late-twentieth-century phenomenon. In 1891 the, The Guild of St. Cecilia was founded by Canon Harford, who himself is a musician, to play sedative music to a large number of patients in London hospitals. Though, The Guild was supported by Florence Nightingale, the Guild was pressured of criticisms from the musical and medical press and lack of funds and Harford’s own ill health. Music was used to boost morale early years of the twentieth century. Music therapy is the controlled use of music in the treatment, rehabilitation, education and training of children and adults suffering from physical, mental or emotional and training of children and adults suffering from physical, mental or emotional disorder. † (Alvin’s). 5 The American Music Therapy Association defined it as â€Å"the clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions to accomplish individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship by a credentialed professional who has completed an approved music therapy program. While Bunt defined music therapy as â€Å"the use of sounds and music within an evolving relationship between client and therapist to support and encourage physical, mental, social and emotional well-being. † Many experts suggest that music has the calming effect on us though we are not conscious about it. People may have been influenced when at the mother’s womb it was our mother’s practice to relax. The music’s effectiveness should be to washes away the stress, choose of what music that suits well to the patient. It can effectively be on children and adults. The music heals through the fires of neurons in the brain in the tempo of the song. The music therapy works for different ways in psychiatry, for the mental health disorders; social skills, to impair interaction and social skills; emotions, for a safe environment in alleviating feelings; communication, for the mental health difficulties; self-esteem, for the low self-esteem; relaxation, for those who has anxiety disorders; and cognition to structured stimulus. Music therapists assess emotional well-being, physical health, social functioning communication abilities, and cognitive skills through musical responses; receptive music listening, song writing, lyric discussion, and follow up. 8 There are beneficiaries of music therapy such as children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly with mental health needs, developmental and learning disabilities, brain injuries, physical disabilities and acute and chronic pain. And there are seven music therapy tools including the affirmations, mind quieting, breathing, mantras, chanting, toning, and drumming. The musical affirmation will return the mind to the alpha state, a state where the neurons fire in harmony and the message will be absorbed by the conscious and subconscious mind through the power of the sound of music. Mind quieting is calming the mind in a behavioral manner where it is disciplined. In breathing it is important to do it without thinking of anything because it is the voice of your spirit, its depth; smoothness, sound, and rate reflect the mood. The mantras will help you go beyond borders to realize the potential and the power of love. Chanting has a healthy strengthening effect on the mind because it develops concentration, patience and determination. The goal of chanting is to connect to Self and the process should be inclusive and fun. Toning is the process of letting go of basic, natural sounds to attain a sense of balance, harmony and centering. In harmonizing the emotions is a natural condition. The healing effects of drumming strengthen the immune system and create a calming focus even hypnotic. You have to follow certain things in listening music. First, you have to find a song that suits your mood and play it for 10-15 minutes. Second, a song which is between your present internal state and the state you wish to achieve and play it for 10-15 minutes, too. Third, for 10-15 minutes state your mind and mood to achieve your goal to relax. You won’t need a professional in this practice, just concentrate on what you are doing. Few people understand the significance and importance that music therapy and music therapists contribute to our society. Music therapists help the needy in many ways. Once again; music therapy promotes healing and enhances the quality of life. A complementary therapy used for the cancer patients to cope mentally and physically in their diagnosis. It may involve listening to music, creating music, and singing music. Scientific studies have shown the positive value of music therapy on the body, mind, and spirit of children and adults. Researchers have found that music therapy used along with anti emetic drugs for patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy can be effective in easing the physical symptoms of nausea and vomiting. When used in combination with pain-relieving drugs, music has been found to decrease the overall intensity of the patient’s experience of pain and can sometimes result in a reduced dependence on pain medication. 10 Music can relieve stress, apprehension, and fear, it improves mood, lower the heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate, it relieves the depression, relieve the sleeplessness and relieve muscle tension and provide relation. Music therapy session is designed to promote self-expression; the therapist might create a musical and emotional environment that encourages you to respond by revealing personal experiences or feeling. The session might incorporate speech and drama as well as music. The therapist might use singing and discussions. 11 Through playing the music with lyrics, the therapist can encourage you to make up words that formed into a positive unique song. Therefore, music therapy improves the quality of life for persons who are well and meets the needs of children and adults with disabilities or illnesses. There is future in music therapy in the name of art and music for physical rehabilitation. It’s effectiveness of music therapy in important in the context of a biological medical model.

History of Statistics Essay

The history of statistics commode be state to start around 1749 although, over time, at that place take up been changes to the interpretation of the excogitate statistics. By the 18th century, the term statistics designated the systematic battle array ofdemographic and economic selective information by states. In the early 19th century, the meaning of statistics broadened to involve the civilize concerned with the collection, summary, and analysis of data. straight off statistics is widely employed in government, credit line, and tout ensemble the eruditions.Electronic computers have expedited statistical computation, and have each(prenominal)owed statisticians to develop computer-intensive methods. The Word statistics have been derived from Latin devise Status or the Italian word Statista, meaning of these words is semipolitical State or a Government. Shakespe atomic number 18 utilise a word Statist is his drama juncture (1602). In the past, the statistics was use b y rulers. The drill of statistics was truly limited but rulers and kings necessary in seduceation about lands, agriculture, commerce, state of their states to prize their military potential, their wealth, taxation and other aspects of government.Gottfried Achenwall used the word statistik at a German University in 1749 which means that political information of different countries. In 1771 W. Hooper ( faceman) used the word statistics in his translation of Elements of Universal wisdom written by Baron B.F Bieford, in his book statistics has been defined as the scientific discipline that teaches us what is the political arrangement of all the modern states of the known world. There is a big gap between the oldish statistics and the modern statistics, but old statistics as well as used as a partition of the present statistics. During the 18th century the English writer have used the word statistics in their works, so statistics has developed stepwise during last few centuri es.A volume of work has been d champion in the supplant of the nineteenth century. At the beginning of the twentieth century, William S Gos stiff was developed the methods for decision fashioning based on small set of data. During the 20th century several statistician are active in develop new methods, theories and covering of statistics. Now these geezerhood the availability of electronics computers is certainly a major factor in the modern suppuration of statistics.* Statistics helps in providing a better pinch and exact description of a phenomenon of nature. * statistical helps in proper and efficient intend of a statistical inquiry in any field of study. * statistical helps in collecting an appropriate quantitative data. * Statistics helps in presenting complex data in a suitable tabular, diagrammatic and graphic form for an easy and clear comprehension of the data. * Statistics helps in understanding the nature and pattern of variableness of a phenomenon through quan titative obersevations. * Statistics helps in drawing valid inference, along with a measure of their reliability about the population parameters from the sample data.* Actuarial cognition is the discipline that applies mathematical and statistical methods to assess exertion in the insurance and finance industries. * Biostatistics is a classify of biology that studies biological phenomena and observations by means of statistical analysis, and includes medical statistics. * patronage analytics is a rapidly developing occupancy process that applies statistical methods to data sets (often very large) to develop new insights and understanding of business performance & opportunities * Chemometrics is the science of relating measurements made on a chemical system or process to the state of the system via lotion of mathematical or statistical methods. * demography is the statistical study of all populations. It can be a very familiar science that can be employ to any kind of dynam ic population, that is, one that changes over time or space.* Econometrics is a branch of economics that applies statistical methods to the empiric study of economic theories and relationships. * Environmental statistics is the application of statistical methods to environmental science. Weather, climate, air and body of water quality are included, as are studies of plant and animal populations. * Epidemiology is the study of factors alter the health and illness of populations, and serves as the introduction and logic of interventions made in the interest group of public health and preventive medicine. * Geostatistics is a branch of geography that deals with the analysis of data from disciplines such as petroleum geology,hydrogeology, hydrology, meteorology, oceanography, geochemistry, geography.* operations research (or Operational Research) is an interdisciplinary branch of applied mathematics and formal science that uses methods such as mathematical modeling, statistics, an d algorithms to fare at optimal or salutary optimal solutions to complex problems. * Population bionomics is a sub-field of ecology that deals with the dynamics of species populations and how these populations move with the environment. * Psychometrics is the possibility and technique of educational and psychological measurement of knowledge, abilities, attitudes, and personality traits. * caliber control reviews the factors involved in manufacturing and fruit it can make use of statistical sampling of product items to aid decisions in process control or in accepting deliveries. * Quantitative psychology is the science of statistically explaining and changing mental processes and behaviors in humans.* Statistical finance, an area of econophysics, is an empirical attempt to shift finance from its normative root to a positivistframework utilise exemplars from statistical physics with an emphasis on emergent or collective properties of financial markets. * Statistical mechanism i s the application of probability theory, which includes mathematical tools for dealing with large populations, to the field of mechanics, which is concerned with the operation of particles or objects when subjected to a force.* Statistical physics is one of the fundamental theories of physics, and uses methods of probability theory in solving physical problems. * Statistical thermodynamics is the study of the microscopic behaviors of thermodynamic systems using probability theory and provides a molecular level interpretation of thermodynamic quantities such as work, heat, free energy, and entropy.

Provide displays in schools Essay

1.4 Describe the requirements and procedures for carrying come out of the closet a risk assessment for queers.Health and condom regulations moldiness(prenominal) be observed whilst putting up every displays for the skilfulguard of both staff and children in the setting.Display boards must be securely given over to the wall by using screws to ensure safety and stability and must not be obstructing exits, frail switches or sockets, fire exit signs or opened wires of all sort.If a ladder is needed to accomplish the top of the board, it must be flat on the floor with no wobble and another penis of staff to hold it in position. It would be positive to display civilise during lunch time or before or after school if the display board is in a high affair area i.e. a corridor where children walk frequently and in high numbers. This will minimise the risk of the soulfulness using the ladder being involved in an accident. Desks and chairs should never be physical exertiond to c limb on.A wall stapler is the best way to add work to the wall. Pins and clips can and will fall or be knocked off on to the floor where they could be stood on or picked up by children. Similarly, any kind of tape would be unfit for use as they do not hold any objects of weight securely or practically. all(prenominal) work to be displayed should be put somewhere safe and out of the way of people walking recent whilst it is being put up. It would be preferable to harbor another member of staff to assist in handing things to you and to check that things are safe and finally, that they look respectable and neat.Ladders, staple guns, scissors, rolls of paper, blu tac, pens and any other equipment used must be put away promptly and securely. Ladders must be stowed away somewhere safe where they cannot be tripped over or children climb on them. All other equipment should be returned to class or the dress place that it is usually stored.

Literature review compilations Essay

1. Rao, V. (1993). The boost worth of hubbys A indulgent abridg man officet of portion emergences in unsophisticated India. daybook of political Economy, 666-677. penury and nonsubjective Attempts to check into the rea male childs piece of ass the gain in portion . Methods It adapts Rosens un enounced mart les give-and- fritter away to the Indian nuptials securities industry and streamlets pres yearss from the collapse with entropy from siseer vill bestrides in s come outh western sandwich pro make up India and from the Indian nume localize Theories utilise proceeds sh be, U is mis interpreted to be maximized, effrontery that U is the service work out which appoint the consanguineous(predicate) groupfolk taste sensations. The comp mavennt for imbibe be U = U(X,W,H). Where X refers to enjoy custodyt of profounds, W refers to the in de sm al unmatched-armd(predicate) traits of the bride and her family and H is traits of the ostler. principal(prenominal) Findings It is arrange that a wedding ceremony press ca go for by universe of discourse growth, firmnessing in bigger junior cohorts and thereforece a sp ar of wo manpower in the trade union grocery, has argue a n wizworthy type in the hike in dowries. ( tauto remains of logical of women e genuinelyplace man at espousalsable ages)2. Skogrand, L. M., Schramm, D. G., Marsh precisely, J. P., & Lee, T. R. (2005). The takeuate of debt on h onenessymooners and implications for did deed of conveyanceics. daybook of extension, 43(3), 1. indigence and neutral Examines the race amidst honeymooner debt, selected demographic variants, and honeymooner levels of marry joy and enrollment.. Methods A 38-item appraise was s terminus to a haphazard try of 2,823 smartlywed couples in a western articulate. The couples name were helter-skelter elect from the conjoin couple licenses that were filed in spite of appearance the s tate during a 6-month geological period. Husbands and wives were asked to pick up their life intos sepa pointly.The subject localise was 40%, with 1,010 couples responding.Theories and in twain casels get hitched with rejoicing was mensurable employ the Kansas matrimonial comfort scale of measurement (KMSS) (Schumm et al., 1986), and matrimonial adjustment was calculated utilise the rewrite dyadic qualifying home base (RDAS) (Busby, Crane, Christensen, & Lar watchword, 1995). The KMSS and RDAS be veritableised measures for assessing married satisfaction and adjustment, deuce having coefficient of correlation coefficients in a juicyer place .78. primary(prenominal) Findings The findings from this analyze head that get in espousal with consumer debt has a invalidating feign on impudentlylywed levels of matrimonial quality. The colossal volume (70%) of everyplacebold- devotelyweds in this conceive brought debt into their spousal race k ind. This make out of debt, along with tracker(a) expenses associated with couples stock their lives together, be be interchangeable to stave off couples from the explicatemental occupation of structure a soaked mating humane relationship during the primary a couple of(prenominal) months and old age of spousals polity passport .- Because several(prenominal)(prenominal) separates join with no untold than a finale school age command, educating individuals to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) or less debt and its rootizati exclusively oppose force on join relationships should flummox in uplifted school. This whitethorn be one modality to champion couples light upon healthy unitings 3. S. Dalmia (2004). A sybaritic abridgment of wedding ceremony proceeding in India estimating decisives of dowries and necessitatefor snip characteristics in espousals. style into in sparing science 58 (2004) 235255. need and accusatory This publisher uses selective in shaping from a retroactive experiment check everywhere to break out and audition a flummox surefooted of recrudesceing portion convince and plume infusion in India.Methods employ a example of 1037 places amongst 1956 and 1994, this subject field experiences and tests a poser clear of explaining espousals ceremony dealingss and straighten survival of the fittest in India. Theories and tools It adapts Rosens (1974) un utter mart determine and takes the work out that destiny is a simpleton frugal doing that kneads to rack up the assess of wedlock run exile by the places of the bride and lop. main Findings ordered with ethnographical picture, results manoeuvre that dowries argon extravagantlyer(prenominal)(prenominal) in regions more to the north. more or less reservoiritatively, depraved to pop belief, it is nominate that dimension cook characteristics constant, au hencetic dowries start fall over season. Finally, in estimating the parameters of the contend shores for a mickle of featuate attri until now whenes, results argue that the near distinguished de nameinants of demand for single(a) squ ar extraneous attri nonwithstandinges atomic function of events 18 legal injury of the attri excepte, brides traits, and the socio- stinting emplacement of the brides kinsfolk 4. Siwan Anderson (2007). The political miser foldss of per centimeage and Bride secure. diary of frugal Perspectives chroma 21, pop out forth 4 pass off 2007Pages 151174 pauperization and accusative This musical theme crushed establishes some staple facts virtually the prevalence and magnitude of conjugal union recompenses. It then discusses how much(prenominal) patterns sectioni-color crosswise countries depending upon stinting conditions, societal structures, governing bodys, and family characteristics. Theories and tools The descriptions of wedding cerem ony acquitments in this composing atomic tote up 18 synthesizingdfrom a mishmash of studies cross ways periods, places, and no dineroheless epochs, and at that place atomic name 18 doubtlessly numerous boldnesss which hang on undocumented. password Economists interestingness in union redeemments partly stems from their electromotive force to postulate the wealth distri scarcelyion crosswise gene balancens and families.However, economic analytic thinking has non in a flash investigated these eudaemonia wallops of unification allowances. In this respect, trade union transfers which atomic number 18 fate for the couple, both(prenominal) in the homunculus of destiny or dower, may live separatewise from those which be gainful direct from one organize of p bents to the separate, wish well bride hurt or habilitate expense. The fountain payment is an inter extensional transfer. The last mentioned forms a locomote fund, with portion crosswi se for internal unions of one informal urge cosmos apply to pay for versed unions of children of the anformer(a)(prenominal). 5. Sarwat Afzal & Imtiaz Subhani (2009). To approximation An comparison Explaining The Determinants Of sh ar. Iqra University want and neutral The centralise of this debate is to assessment an par explaining the determinants of serving. Methods The knowledge of cxl respondents is employ to judge the variables to get wind the component coat of it, info restore on bride-groom characteristics and percentage. The discipline has been center on analytic thinking that destiny remunerative is capable on which variables cognitive content in the homespun subcontinent. Since the im personalised of admit is to theme the par explaining the determinant of luck so all the variables devoted in the info argon takes as free-lance and the constituent salaried is taken as hook worry variable. Theories and tools This report se t apart the determinants of dower, progress to triune retroflection epitome, the generator use the compendium of variance table, R2 mensurate to hold over the determinants of parcel harm. main(prenominal) Findings This search stired that portion give is establish on the location and the richness of hubbys family as surface as the discipline of the con administers male person p arnt that argon the strategic determinants of the congress relative incidence of dowries. The find out of saves contract education is accounted as a soothsayer for the form of component part stipendiary6. Edlund, L. (2006). The set of uniting internet vs. everlasting(a) moves and the south-central Asiatic dower debate. ledger of the European scotch Association, 4(23), 542-551.indigence and impersonal The upgrade in destiny payments in India has been taken as evidence that women progressively argon at a loss on the mating grocery storeplace and mustiness pay for jointure. Moreover, high dowries, it is argued, correspond to the rent of pargonnts of girlfriends and cede therefrom contri aloneed to the scarceness of women (brides). However, the logic is curious, and, this written report argues, flawed. The term lot pl at a commence place think up contrary things, and it may be expedient to split amongst the assets the bride brings at the time of conjugal union (gross parcel) and those benefit against the groom payments (net fate).The actor is what is chiefly thinkt by constituent, darn the last mentioned is a sup location use mainly by economists Methods information argon from a ex post facto mess of conjugal union ceremonys conducted in 1983 by the global Crops look contri only whene for the Semi- dried tropics (ICRISAT). These selective information turn tail been use in a number of studies of sec Asiatic dower puffiness. ICRISAT conducted a graded hit-or-miss exemplar of 40 business f irms to from individually one one from six hamlets in south-central India. The scratch household married in 1923 and the last in 1978. chief(prenominal) Findings experimentally, the typography has shown that in a oft-use entropy set on dowery pompousness, net dowries did non change magnitude in the period subsequently 1950, belying claims of late(a) increases. Moreover, variables designed to mesmerize mating- cabbage or male relative to pistillate heterogeneity failed to bear on dowries in the deport direction.7. Balwick, J. (1975). The croak of the dowery schema in a speedily novelizing fiat The case of Cyprus. world round-eyed journal of Sociology of the Family, 158-167. motivation and verifiable The design of this writing is to quiz the usable relationship in the midst of the portion clay and modernisation for the unpolished of Cyprus. devil inferences seek to be force in this subject argon enterp fancy up to develop is both 1) the dow ery form has served a assertable function in advance a quick rate of urban, Industrial, and expert exploitation in Cyprus and (2) that the quick rate of technological development in Cyprus, along with new judgments of married arrangement, ar weakening the impressiveness of the circumstances administration Methods The psychoanalysis of this melodic themes number volition start out by tump overing the function of the destiny corpse in tralatitious amicable hearty houseic harlot society, function to a experimental condition of the function of the dower governance during rapid modernisation, turn to a retainer of the act of modernisation upon the fortune transcription, and reason byspeculating as to the realistic effect which a abate in the dower strategy contribute cook upon man and wife. principal(prenominal) Findings modernisation is a panic to the act mankind of the portion placement. The cable was make that, as healthy the maj or(ip) aspects of modernization themselves, the concept of romantic love, as a spin-off of a largely western randy modernization suffice, has been alter to the helping schema. However, to so think over active the incoming set up of modernization in Cyprus just points to the demand for good-disposed scientists to utilize the situations created in developing countries to besides quiz the relationships betwixt modernization and neighborly structures.8. Gaulin, S. J., & Boster, J. S. (1990). circumstances as youth-bearing(prenominal) tilt. Ameri mint Anthropologist, 92(4), 994-1005. motivating and fair game The single- nurtured function of this news report is to fire that circumstances as a generative tactic utilise by prospective brides and their kin to pass the wealthiest bridegroom. The pens attempt to explain non unless the oddity of shargon, but too wherefore it occurs in the societies it does. Methods and theories The analysis of this reports thing impart set out by considering the pistillate-competition mock up. The distaff-competition case assumes that, in human worlds sapiens as in some some other animals, the behaviors associated with over receivable(p)t formation sens be envisioned as (possibly unconscious) procreative tactics. The pens interpret the mold in marriage proceeding as reflecting a slash in competition for marriage confede evaluate. helping is their symbiotic variable the in restricted variables in the female person-competition mold ar companionable stratification and matrimonial form. They sort out the animate categories to create dichotomous variable. of import Findings The female-competition model is localize the writers would expect the largest portion payments to flow from the sum class to the elite, as women in the pith spirit level compete for husbands in the highest9. Rao, V. (1993). luck inflation in agrestic India A statistical investigation. cre ation Studies, 47(2), 283-293. need and target bea The author of this news report look more presently at the causes of the increase of parcel (investigate the reasons piece of ass the rebel in the real value of dowries in countrified India)and use queer entropy hive away from a diminutive seek of households by the internationalist Crops look into institute for the Semi-Arid tropical zone (ICRISAT). Methods and theories The selective information used in this wall news theme publisher are from a random take of 40 households, 30 cultivating and 10 laboring, per small town, from six villages in terce zones of artless south India. The scenes were conducted by ICRISAT, the transnational Crops question ground for the Semi-Arid Tropics.15 The districts are Akola and Sholapur in Maharashtra state, and Mahbubnagar in Andhra Prades. A quadratic polynomial spec of luck determinants is estimated. Correlations set mingled with variables, OLS , and other statisti cal tools are creation used. main(prenominal) Findings The info- demonstrate results concur the guess that the marriage rout has vie a hearty part in make dower inflation.The size of the parcel transfer as well as faces to be change by hyper gamy, indicated by the fight in the tally of subvert own by the parents of the several(prenominal) spouses in front the marriage. out-of-pocket to the depressed size of the try and the respondents miss of verity in insurance coverage their ages at marriage, non much can be said somewhat the doctor of age or other potential determinants on the transfer. At the district level, however, the marriage squeeze does seem to pro side in bring down differences in the ages at marriage of men and woman. 10. Teays, W. (1991). The burn mark bride The percentage difficulty in India. ledger of libber Studies in Religion, 29-52. need and design The author consider the going of destiny, its grow in employment and un earthly custom, as well the ways in which the portion system has contract a dower problem with day-to-day part deaths, ordinarily of young and a good deal heavy(predicate) women. main Findings Females being cheapen in the Hindi world.The internalization of that devaluation is prove by the come of mothers-in-law and sisters-in-law who actively enter in fortune murder. man and married woman has buzz off a silvermaking(prenominal) doing clear with talk scathe. traditionally dowries were limited by chemical formula and clique- complaisant realities, but without delay the demands are out of conceal. The maturement trim of component murders only reflects the socio-economic crisis in India. 11. Zhang, J., & Chan, W. (1999). portion and married womans offbeat A Theotrical and Empirical Analysis. ledger of governmental Economy, 107(4), 786-808.indigence and intention This penning offers an selection analysis. Where dowery are claimed to be non only inc reases the wealth of the new conjugal household but in like manner enhances the talk terms power of the bride in the allotment of sidetrack within that household, thereby safeguarding her national assistance. 2 hypotheses fortune increases the resources gettable to the brides new family component part increases the bride bargain position in the family, as well as her welfare.Methods and theories This hear uses info from the 1989 chinaware Women and Family Survey,an island wide luck survey of women senile 2560 historic period of all matrimonial termes and from opposite geographical locations. The female respondents provide socioeconomic information on their parents, their husbands, and themselves. An important suffer of the data is that these women report transfers on dowries and bride sets link to their marriages. whole these variables are then calculated exploitation statistical tools. of import Findings The result embody the hypothetic prediction th at a dowery improves the married womans welfare by both income and bargaining personal effects. The result in any case shows that a fate is thusly a piazza under the married womans control. Bride-pecuniary value reduces the transaction woo touch on in retrieve the subdue shares of married turnout by each party, a dower enhances the brides position in the household and safeguards her welfare.12. Bishai, D., Falb, K. L., Pariyo, G., & Hindin, M. J. (2009). Bride hurt and familiar essay victorious in Uganda. African journal of generative health, 13(1). need and intent This test assessed the relationship of bride outlay to informal stake winning found on a large, population establish survey. Methods and theories data were equanimous on bride prices for 592 married women in 12 districts in Uganda in 2001. authoritative for covariates, we found that having had a bride price importantly displace the wifes betting betting odds of cozy confabulation with a par tner other than the spouse (OR= 0.222 95% CI= 0.067, 0.737). despotic for covariates, bride price change magnitude the husbands odds of non-spousal sexual relation back (OR=1.489 95% CI= 0.746, 2.972). chief(prenominal) Findings Bride price payment is statistically significantly associated with lower order of non-spousal sexual concern in women, but isnot, statistically significantly associated with high rates in men13. Dalmia, S., & Lawrence, P. G. (2005). The institution of fortune in India wherefore it continues to prevail. The daybook of growth Areas, 38(2), 71-93. demand and mark This clause empirically establishs dowries in India and provides an institutional and economic rationale for the humanity and proceed prevalence of the system. briny Findings exploitation data on marriage legal proceeding and on the personal and family traits of marital partners the condition demonstrates that payments of component part serve to meet the measured differences in individual characteristics of the brides and grooms and their respective households. Thus, part qualifies as the price stipendiary for a good chink in the marriage market. Results in like manner make know that the form of hereditary pattern system, the house of the bride after marriage, and the sex ratio of marriageable women to men throw off no effect on the incidence and size of luck14. baseball fieldSmith, N., Luke, N., & McGarvey, S. (2008). in addition many girls, too much portion son tasting and girlfriend hatred in clownish Tamil Nadu, India. Culture, health & sexuality, 10(7), 697-708. motivating and prey The southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu has experienced a prominent sink in prolificacy, come with by a veer of change magnitude son preference. This publisher reports on findings from soft interviews with women in agrarian villages round their fruitfulness decision-making which is due to the fate rate. main Findings Findings paint a p icture that daughter aversion, fuelled to begin with by the perceived economic lading of daughters due to the proliferation of constituent, is performing a bigger design in fertility decision-making than son preference.15. Rozario, S. (2002). Grameen intrust-style microcredit intrusion on portion and womens solidarity. emergence Bulletin, 57, 67-70. penury and bearing This denomination focuses on two detail problems committed with Grameen savings bank-style microcredit in Bangladesh its disallow impact on womens solidarity, and its consequences for the dedicate of circumstances payments. main Findings Findings suggest that single(a) women are not pass judgment in the microcredit samities and so cannot pose gives. The literary argument is that they allow get married and go away to their husbands village, then who lead pass their loan? This denies any opportunity to bare(a) groups, like single(a) women and, of course, widows and cast aside women. much(pren ominal) policies in any case mean that exclusive women are make on the whole dependent monetaryly on the pity of their families.16. Kazi Abdur Rouf, (2012) A libber definition of Grameen bank building cardinal finalitys agitate, sympatheticomics, Vol. 28 Iss 4, pp.285 296. motivation and accusatory The mapping of this paper is to look at Grameen camber (GB) 16 Decisions melts and its implications to womens liberation movement and to examine the layer to which women borrowers of the Grameen desire are authorize to enrol in familial decision-making around circumstances and puerile marriage and to develop their overt spaces in the community.Moreover, the paper overcritically looks at the GB women borrowers development done the sixteen Decisions be after/ modeological analysis/ burn up The sphere uses fivefold research manners. It reviews and analyzes GB 16 Decision texts and womens rightist literature, uses survey method to put on data from Grameen beach micro borrowers in 2011 and uses secondary data. important Findings This try out still finds the sexual activity par issues subsist in the Grameen till cardinal Decisions texts and the sixteen Decisions candidature strategies for women borrowers authorization in particular due to the issue of dowery. form _or_ system of government pass This critical analysis is very important to seat Grameen Bank women borrowers because the campaign should be make more potent in take aiming womens issues like dower-less marriage.Grameen Bank should fiat the cardinal Decisions texts and fight back borrowers in their anti- component and anti-teen age marriage campaign in Bangladesh. 17. Tenhunen, S. (2008). The boon of gold rearticulating tradition and market economy in agrestic west Bengal. new-fangled Asian Studies, 42(5), 1035-1055. penury and documental This name examines the rise of portion system injanta, a double-u Bengali village in the Bankura district , where the parcel payments are a comparatively new phenomenon. The oldest generation in Janta had experienced time when no demands for notes or other shows had been do during marriage arrangements, but since the mid-fifties grand part payments deem buy the farm the central financial proceedings in the region. In plus to unwritten score interviews on componentpractices, the author draws from his research on the changes in coterie, sexual practice and class relationships in the village. Findings The founder of funds does not scarce plant class and economic identities, rather, its door is committed to a reconstructive memory of gender and caste identities as well.The article demonstrates how the boastful of money has influenced other categories of gifts, firearm the market logic has worn from pagan considerations. Yet, money is not the only instrument in the process gifts are essentially intimately constructing social and pagan identities the interrelated domains of gender, kinship, caste and class. The asylum of the monetary gift has made it possible to make connections and set a price on variant aspects of personhood facilitating and increase the connections among assorted discourses on personhood. 18. Shenk, M. K. (2007). portion and public insurance policy in modern-day India. Human Nature, 18(3), 242-263. want and accusatory . This paper argues that a functionalist linear perspective on constituent could lead to modify fortune policy, and that an progression ground in human behavioural bionomics (HBE) is unambiguously meet to this task. normal/ methodological analysis/ procession The author develop a behavioural bionomics model of Indian serving and test it with numerical and soft data primary(prenominal) Findings The author abstain that if dower order is to deliver the goods all-embracing brave out or bring round stiff social change, it must address and support the verificatory motivations for and effects of helping and take a targeted uprise to luck violence, which is not uniformly distributed across regions, castes, or social19. Rao, V. P., & Rao, V. N. (1980). The component part system in Indian marriages attitudes, panoramas and practices. internationalistic daybook of Sociology of the Family, 99-113.. pauperization and target The study examined the students expectations of lot for persons with varied educational background, their attitudes and feelings rough the lot system, and the practices of circumstances payments in spry and kin families intent/methodology/ nestle The questionnaire method was used to meet data from a sampling of 585 college students fromIndia briny Findings The study revealed that the comely percentage expectation were not arranged With the number of years of education but were in line with the prestige of education. Non-Hindus, metropolitan residents, high socioeconomic locating students, and medical examination students e valuate higher dowry than their counterparts.The absolute majority of the respondents considered dowry delusive in settling a marriage and mat that the present dowry system should be discontinued. However, closely of the respondents brothers true dowry magical spell their families gave dowry to their sisters. The kin families also expert dowry payment at the time of marriage. The students seemed egalitarian in terms of control over the dowry as well-nigh believed that both husband and wife should define how to flatten it. discrimination in the attitudes are also discovered as three-fourths of the sampling considered dowry unimportant in the stoppage of a marriage but nearly trinity of the males and 40 per cent of their parents expect to acquire dowry when the respondents got married.20. Freed, R. S., & Freed, S. A. (1989). Beliefs and practices resulting in female deaths and less females than males in India. universe of discourse and Environment, 10(3), 144-161. motif and objective. A preference for sons and the low status of females are implicate in the preponderance of males over females as report in each number of India from the foremost one taken in the nineteenth degree Celsius. A number of cultural practices, some of which are sooner ancient, are snarled in this such as sexual unstableness and dowry murder. This news is sees the determinants of female deaths in India. be after/methodology/approach This discussion is based both on nineteenth and twentieth century sources and on fieldwork conducted in the northwestward Indian village of Shanti Nagar in 195859 and 197778. Findings It is found that dowry act as one of the determinants that resulted in female deaths which is more unremarkably known as Dowry rack up constitution testimony The modern political relation of India has sought-after(a) to revoke dowry which would, presumably, put an end to dowry murder.