Eating Disorders in Sports - 1405 Words

Introduction General Background The occurrence of eating disorders are a serious problem worldwide. A major problem with this disease, abnormal eating behaviour that can threaten your health or even your life,(1) is that the mortality prevalence rates are highest among those who are not under professional care: per 100 000 females, 370 die suffering from Anorexia Nervosa and 1500 women with Bulimia die.(2) The worldwide prevalence of eating disorders among athletes, 0-19% for men, and 6-45% for women, is higher than the prevalence within the general population.(3) According to the Trimbos Institute, the presence of an eating disorder at some point in time for Dutch civilians is 0.7%.(4) However no specific prevalence numbers are available†¦show more content†¦Also, in some sports, eating disorder pathology does occur less. What factors in those type of sports might protect an athlete from eating disordered behaviour? Finally, could the intensity level of exercising be determinative for the presence of eati ng disorder pathology? Study aim and design This study focuses on the presence of eating disorder pahtology in a convenient Dutch sample of athletes. By comparing athletes within different fields of sport and a variety in intensity of that sport, a possible relation can be investigated. It is crucial to determine whether someone shows signs of eating disorder pathology. Due to the fact that there is no information yet about the presence of eating disorder pathology among Dutch athletes, this study first aims to give an indication of that presecne. To tackle the (further) development of eating disorders in the future, it is important to know whether different types of sports have different impacts on eating behaviour and body weight of the athletes. Also, it is interesting to know if the intensity of sport practice is related. This study aims to give insights in these questions. Delimitation This study cannot give insights in causal relations due to the cross sectional design. Also, no clear cut-off points are used to determine whether any of the participants shows signs of eating disorder pathology. Methods Study Design Only one moment in time is available forShow MoreRelatedEating Disorders Has Affected The Lives Of Many Athletes Around The World1546 Words   |  7 PagesEating disorders have affected the lives of many athletes around the world. Being scared of being overweight but rather caused by an addiction to food can result in the development of an eating disorder. There are several reasons as to why someone may have an eating disorder such as the sports they play or even the worldly view of how an ideal body is supposed to be. They have an effect on the person’s health and also on their social interactions with others. Many sports where the player’s weightRead MoreEating Disorders Among Female Athletes958 Words   |  4 PagesEating Disorders Among Collegiate Female Student-Athletes Eating disorders (e.g., anorexia nervosa, bulimia) are not rare in today’s society. They have become increasingly common among young women. Research indicates that there is a link between the media’s representation of â€Å"the perfect body† as well as ideals of attractiveness with dissatisfaction of body image and eating disorders (Ferguson, Munoz, Garza, Galindo, 2013). In this current literature review, I will focus on the impact of eatingRead MoreSports Media And Body Image1235 Words   |  5 PagesMini-Paper Article 1: Sports Media and Body Image Tia DeHaan The article Must See TV or ESPN: Entertainment and Sports Media Exposure and Body-Image Distortion in College Women by Kimberly L. Bissell and Peiqin Zhou examines how media promotes an idealization of thinness in college-age women. The study by Bissell and Zhou takes place at a southern college university in the United States, and compares and contrasts the entertainment industry and sports media on disordered eating and body dissatisfactionRead MoreMale Athletes With Bulimia Nervosa1347 Words   |  6 Pagesfamiliar with eating disorders and its detrimental impact on young women’s physical and mental health. In particular, Schaal et al. reported eating disorders, notably bulimia nervosa, had â€Å"the highest prevalence†¦among male athletes †¦ in weight-class sports (i.e. wrestling, boxing)† (qtd. in Bratland-Sanda, Sundgot-Borgen 500). In this essay, I will draw upon current research on bulimia nervosa in athletes and attempt to establish the extent to w hich involvement in weight division sports lead to theRead More Eating Disorders Among Teens Essay931 Words   |  4 PagesEating Disorders Among Teens Eating Disorders have become a serious issue in the past twenty-five years. Many people have been diagnosed for having an eating disorder. More teens out of any other age group suffer from it. Sports, peer-pressure, and low self-esteem can cause teens to be driven to eating disorders. Anorexia and Bulimia are the two main types of eating disorders. Anorexia is the self-starving behavior that can lead to severe health problems and even death. Bulimia isRead MoreMedia Eating Disorders1607 Words   |  7 Pagesreview is to describe the main causes of eating disorders among teenagers aged 12 to 18 years old in high schools globally, and to also explain to what extend do some of these causes influence eating disoders. Recent studies have indicated a major increase in the eating disorder habits and body dissatisfaction in adolescence over the past few decades. This crisis seems most prevalent in females`` than males with 20 percent high school females exhibiting poor eating habits and about 60 percent undergoneRead MoreEye Opener : The Mind And Body1480 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelop many different types of disorders. One type of disorder that is becoming very common in the everyday high school aged student are eating disorders. Even though some people believe it is normal to have an eating disorder, people should be aware of the different kind of eating disorders because it is easy to develop these kinds of illnesses and too many innocent teenagers are dying from these unhealthy life choices. There are different types of eating disorders but the most common are AnorexiaRead MoreEye Opener : The Mind And Body1478 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelop many different types of disorders. One type of disorder that is becoming very common in the everyday high school aged student are eating disorders. Even though some people believe it is normal to have an eating disorder, people should be aware of the different kind of eating disorders because it is easy to develop these kinds of illnesses and too many innocent teenagers are dying from these unhealthy life choices. There are different types of eating disorders but the most common are AnorexiaRead MoreWhy Athletes Are Becoming An Elite Athlete909 Words   |  4 Pagesletes will tell you from a young age tha t they aspire to be the best in the sport that they do. Whether its making it to that Division one school or becoming an elite athlete in the professional sense, where the individual now earns a living from playing said sport. Athletes are defined as an individual who has trained and/or become skilled in sports, exercise, or games in which require physical strength, stamina, and agility (Merriam-Webster Dictionary). This then posses the question, can an individualRead MoreEating Disorders And Anorexia Nervosa947 Words   |  4 PagesEating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder consist of emotions, attitudes, and behaviors surrounding weight and food issues. Up to 24 million people of all ages and genders suffer from an eating disorder in the U.S (ANAD, n.d.) bulimia nervosa as well as the other eating disorders are considered to be a female eating disorder, a disorder that only affects women which limits males to seek treatment let alone mak e aware to other that they suffer from bulimia

The Left And The Right Wing - 1575 Words

The left and the right wing are always being compared to each other. It’s always been the battle between the opinions and the views of the far right and the far left. Even to this day, they are separated and always put in situations where they bounce ideas back and forth. Now, what this essay will focus on is not the differences between both sides but the differences and similarities within the far right, as well as the far left. We will not be comparing the right and the left, but rather the right to the right. Reactionaries and traditional conservatives, they are both in the far right but they are from different era’s. Would they still have the same point of views or are they slightly different? How exaggerated will their ideas be considering that both ideologies were influenced by the same principles. Would they have the same methods and goals? Are they all the same, that there s no point in finding the differences between a traditional conservatives and a reactionar y? Or are they simply contradicting themselves? Looking at the radical side of the political spectrum we are faced with the theories of Karl Marx, who rejected the idea of a capitalist form of government due to the inequalities that it comes with. He believed in scientific socialism, and published the Communist Manifesto in 1848. Which lays out his theories of social and economic principles, along with how to approach the conflict between class struggle. He believed that workers, especially those who workShow MoreRelatedHow Cyberpunk Is A Neutral Connotation Of Accelerationism Situated Between The Left And Right Wings1463 Words   |  6 Pagesconnotation of accelerationism situated between the left and right wings. Like a perpendicular spike with equal magnitude that juts from the tangential line that connects the forward progress of technological advancements. A warning. Accelerationism in itself is divided, the same coin with radically different faces. The left, which aims at moving away from capitalism and its hindering effect s which hold back true unbridled technological growth and the right which, on the other hand, aims at advancing theRead MoreThe Civil War : The Battle Of The 15th Alabama War990 Words   |  4 PagesSpears, commander of the left wing of the 20th Maine, and a messenger sent by Captain Orpheus S. Woodward, commanding officer of the 83rd Pennsylvania, of some suspicious flanking movement by the Confederate forces . I climbed up on a large boulder and saw that while three left companies of the enemy were keeping a steady rate of fire along the front, several were moving to the left end of our men. To avoid being flanked, I ordered my companies to side-step paces to the left and Companies A, H, C,Read MoreThe Main Threat to the Stability of the Weimar Republic in the Period 1919-1923 Came from the Political Violence of the Extreme Right1341 Words   |  6 PagesThe main threat to the stability of the Weimar republic in the period 1919-1923 came from the political violence of the extrem e right There were many threats posing Germany in 1919, the political system formed on the back of failure produced resentment towards Weimar from both the extreme left and the right. Other factors linked to economic issues caused by war, such as hyperinflation and the war guilt clause which `led to much suffering for the German people through loss of savings and jobs andRead MoreThe First Division Of The Battle Of Little Round Top1284 Words   |  6 Pagesbegan around 4:00 pm . The terrain was rough, rocky and wooded. Our defensive line faced the southwest towards the higher hill with our right flank tight up against the left flank of the 83rd Pennsylvania. As we moved into position, I sent Company B under the command of Captain Walter G. Morrell to join up with skirmishers of the 16th Michigan to protect the left flank . However, Captain Morrell did not find skirmishers and decided to take up position behind a stonewall 150 yards to the east . ItRead MoreCrime and Deviance - Left and Righ t Realism1698 Words   |  7 PagesWithin this essay there will be a clear understanding of the contrast and comparison between left and right realism, supported by accurate evidence that will support and differentiate the two wings of realism. During the 1970’s to the early 1990’s there had emerged two new approaches to the study of crime and deviance. The discipline of criminology had expanded further introducing right and left realism, both believe in different areas and came together in order to try and get a better understandingRead MoreAmerican Politics: Major Network Media Essay1088 Words   |  5 PagesNetwork Media There are two main groups that make up the political system in the United States, the left-wing and the right-wing. Both have very different views about how America should operate. People that support the left-wing ideas are known as liberals and/or democrats (Nicklin). The left-wing beliefs are usually promoting change and they are idealist (Nicklin). Sitting on the right-wing of our political system are republicans and/or conservatives (Nicklin). This party believes in equity andRead MoreThe Right Wing Ideologues Are An Extremely Diverse Group1111 Words   |  5 Pages The right wing ideologues are an extremely diverse group. Within the U.S alone there are libertarians (those who s believe the government is too large both economically and socially.), traditionalist, militarists (those who believe that the military is of the ultimate importance to society and think it should be used more), moderates and many other groups. In international terms the groups that are farthest to the right are known as reactionaries. Reactionaries are usually set apart from traditionalistsRead MoreComputer Engineering, Engineering And Astronautical Engineering1524 Words   |  7 Pagespart in the cockpit. The cockpit is the most forward part of the fuselage and contains all the instruments needed to fly the plane. The angle of angle of attack is angle between the oncoming air or relative wind and a reference line on the airplane or wing. The mission of this Aerospace Engineering (Aeronautics) creation was to fabricate an airplane. It was to build mobility while keeping control and security. There was a requirement for an a great deal more propelled transportation. In the courseRead MoreTerrorism : Terrorism And Terrorism851 Words   |  4 Pages †¢ Left-wing †¢ Right-wing †¢ Special interest Right-wing Right-wing terrorist groups adhere to the principles of racial supremacy and embrace antigovernment, antiregulatory beliefs. Extremist right-wing groups participate in activity that is protected by the constitution such as freedom of speech and freedom to assembly (Watson, 2002). There are many right-wing groups some of the notable ones are; the World Church of the Creator and the Aryan Nations / Klu Klux Klan to name a few. Right-wing groupsRead MoreWas the Schlieffen Plan Foredoomed to Failure?1707 Words   |  7 Pagesexpected to be carried out in only 40 days, however, many important steps were not taken which cost the Germans the vital element of haste. The Schlieffen plan was not foredoomed to failure, yet it it did fail due to three factors: the reduction to the right wing on the Western Front, the choice to avoid the path through Holland, and the poor coordination and regulation of the German armies. Alfred von Schlieffen built this plan around the inevitable outcome of a two front war. It was inevitablele that

Historical Accounting And Current Cost Accounting

Question 6 Explain the differences between Historical Cost Accounting and Current Cost Accounting (include advantages and disadvantages). Historical Cost Accounting is the â€Å"financial accounting based on the original cost of an item ignoring inflationary increases† It records an asset based on its actual value without any adjustments for inflation. On a balance sheet the value of assets are the purchase cost of the assets. Whereas, current cost accounting is a form of accounting in which the approach to capital maintenance is based on maintaining the operating capability of the business. The assets are measured according to their shares daily based on replacement cost the last trade of the day. The advantages of historical cost accounting is that it is simple, a more conventional method, reliable and verifiable, information is free from any bias views. It leads to absolute certainty and fits in perfectly with the cash flow statement, as it tells what has been paid exactly or received and giving no doubt in balance sheet amounts. This method also helps businesses estimate the future cost with the help of original values that are recorded in financial statements of past years. The disadvantages is that it doesn’t provide enough information that is relevant to investors. It is interested in cost distribution, not the actual values of the asset. Doesn’t have any adjustments for inflation. The financial statement of the business presents an old interest rate and outdatedShow MoreRelatedThe principle of historical cost is still used in accounting when there is a large measure of agreement that it is inappropriate. Discuss.1226 Words   |  5 PagesSynopsis. Historical Cost Accounting is a traditional valuation method as it reflects only on the past cost of the asset, however in the contemporary business environment companies must remain flexible and transparent. This belief has lead to the creation of several other valuation methods, due to word constraints I have focused primarily on Fair Value Accounting as an alternative to Historical Cost Accounting. Although Fair value accounting is a theoretically superior valuation methodology, thereRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Hstorical Cost Accounting1241 Words   |  5 PagesHstorical Cost Accounting Advantages and disadvantages of historical cost accounting, alternatives to historical cost accounting 2.1 Introduction Accounting concepts and conventions as used in accountancy are the rules and guidelines by which the accountant lives. The historical cost accounting convention is an accounting technique that values an asset for balance sheet purposes at the price paid for the asset at the time of its acquisition. The historical cost accounting is the situationRead MoreHistorical Cost and Fair Value1733 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract This paper is written for the accounting theory course as a course project. This paper discusses the differences between the historical cost accounting approach and the fair value accounting approach. The discussion will focus on the debate on using which accounting approach. We begin by stating the definitions of both concepts and discussing them thoroughly, then we state the main advantages of the two approaches followed by comparison between them. The last section of this paper discussesRead MoreContinuously Contemporary Accounting1692 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Over the past years there have been many accounting measurement systems developed to replace or serve as a supplement to historical cost accounting. However it is not possible, at present, to state which system, if any, is likely to replace the historical cost system. Perhaps the most notable system is Continuously Contemporary Accounting (CoCoA), proposed by Australian researcher, Raymond Chambers. Chambers quoted â€Å"†¦that thousands of shareholders had lost millions of dollars on securityRead MoreFair Value vs. Historical Cost Accounting1188 Words   |  5 PagesDifference between historical cost and fair value accounting In order to make the most profitable and rational decisions entity’s stakeholders have to evaluate organisation’s financial statements. Today’s world of rapidly changing prices has made it difficult to estimate what something is actually worth. Thus leading to debates at what price – historical costing price or market value – assets and liabilities should be reported. Therefore, before making any evaluations about reported transactionsRead MoreHistorical Cost vs. Fair Value695 Words   |  3 PagesThe basic purpose of accounting is to provide information that is useful to investors, creditors and others in making rational economic decisions. One accounting issue that has been debated on a lot is the historical cost method versus the fair value measurement. The historical cost method has been the basis of GAAP accounting for the past decade but has slowly been disappearing. Today it is starting to be replaced by the fair value method of accounting . When choosing a valuation method, it seemsRead MoreLimitations of Historical Costing in Times of Inflation1280 Words   |  6 Pages5 Normative theories of accounting 1: The case of accounting for changing prices Learning Objectives http://www.download-it.org/learning-resources.php?promoCode=partnerID=content=storystoryID=19988 Upon completing this chapter readers should: ââ€"† be aware of some particular limitations of historical cost accounting in terms of its ability to cope with various issues associated with changing prices; ââ€"† be aware of a number of alternative methods of accounting that have been developed toRead MoreOriginal Alternative Methods Of Historical Cost Accounting966 Words   |  4 Pagesusually utilize the Historical Cost accounting to report financial statements and reflect the profitability of business. It is more conventional and simple method. Nevertheless, when considered in relation to inflation and price changes, the alternative methods such as Current Purchasing Power Accounting (CPPA), Continuously Contemporary Accounting(CoCoA) and Current Cost Accounting(CCA) would be more appropriate. There is an assumption that ‘ applying those alternative forms of accounting to adjust itemsRead MoreAccounting Theory 41063 Words   |  5 PagesFair value or false accounting 1. How are assets and liabilities measured under IAS 39? Answer: According to IAS 39, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement, financial instrument are to be stated at their ‘fair value’- defined as ‘the amount for which an asset could be exchanged, or a liability settled, between knowledgeable, willing parties in an arm’s length transaction’. ‘If the market for a financial instrument is not active, an entity establishes a fair valueRead MoreAccounting Research: Advantages of Cash Flow1720 Words   |  7 Pagesdependent on accounting conventions and concepts/principles * Cash flow reporting satisfies the needs of all users better since cash flow is more direct with its messages. Some of the interested user parties are: * Creditors   -repayment of debts, overdue accounts * Management -cash flow reporting provides the type of information which decision should be taken re: relevant costs ( decision based on future cash flow) * Shareholders amp; Auditors -cash flow accounting and reporting

How Men and Women Are Perceived According to Their Gender

In todays western world societal differences occur based on ones gender and have been shaped over hundreds of years and have shown what is deemed acceptable for one gender is not always acceptable for the other. Our society is based on a gender social structure and what is appropriate for an individual. Promiscuous behavior and active sexual expression ranges from whats expected of an individual and can change based on their gender, age and socio-economic status. The evolutionary theories explain biological differences in sexual behavior between males and females , which have developed patterns to sustain the double standard. This theories state that men are to pass on their genes , in order to have many children to carry their DNA , where as females are to be selective and find one productive father that can support and take care of them (Milhausen Herold , 2008). Evolutionary theories also explain that if a women were to go out and sleep with a variety of males, she would be see a s permissive and that is not accepted because if the women were to get pregnant she would than not know the paternity of her child , therefore the man would question the paternity of the child (Fugere, Escoto, Cousins, Riggs, Haerich, 2008). Men and women are judged by different standards in society and these cultural norms show males as more dominated within the sexual double standard, where as some women endorse the standard to protect their personal relationship. Women are suppose to beShow MoreRelatedGender Inequality : A Social Problem1016 Words   |  5 PagesGender inequality is a social problem that is widespread in society. It is referred to as the unfair treatment of individuals based on one s gender. Historically, laws have opposed women to go to school, access certain jobs, and purchase property. Gender inequality has been experience through culture – honor-killing, sex-selective abortion, and society – occupation, gender roles, and education. The social expectations of men and women differ between cultures that are constructed socially and culturallyRead MoreStereotypes Of Men And Women Should Act997 Words   |  4 Pagesexample, there are many stereotypes about how men and women should act. These stereotypes tend to generalize certain characteristics of men and women. For example, men are perceived as aggressive and dominant, and women are perceived as expressive and emotional. This is an example of gender roles. Numerous individuals will believe that people should act appropriately, according to their gender. Numerous people start developing stereotypical ideas of gender roles as of three years old (Albert PorterRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On Social Influences Within Health And Well Being1317 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Harmful use of alcohol contributes 3.3 million deaths every year according to WHO (2015), which is representative of 5.9% of all deaths across the globe. Despite governmental law of putting the drinking age to be 18 and over (UK and Ireland), Many studies reported that within the last ten years that have examined the drinking habits of young people, results show that UK teenagers are characterized by high levels of intoxication and binge drinking. (Binge drinking is defined by the NHSRead More The Social Construction of Gender and Sexuality Essay1361 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Johnny Weir, â€Å"Masculinity is what you believe it to be... [it is] all by perception, [I believe] masculinity and femininity is something that is very old-fashioned... [there is a] whole new generation of people who aren’t defined by their race or their sex or who they like to sleep with.† This statement exemplifies the definition of gender as a concept; gender is the expectations of a sex according to the culture of society. Sexuality, within this definition of gender, reflects society’sRead MoreEffect Of Society Over Gender And Sexual Identity Essay1256 Words   |  6 PagesEffect of Society over Gender and Sexual Identity When Alex was born, his parents were delighted to add another boy to their family. As their baby boy began to grow and develop, they noticed that Alex began to express himself in a manner that they viewed as more feminine than masculine. He gravitated toward dolls and other toys that the culture often associates with girls. Concerned with the social ramifications associated with their child trying to be transgendered, they made the decisionRead MoreGender Inequality1369 Words   |  6 PagesGender inequality has been a long standing issue throughout history. While for some people there is no gender inequality at the workforce some studies and research have shown the contrary. Despite the effort to combat gender discrepancies at the workplace gender equity has yet not being reached. Gender itself plays an important role at the workforce because some people stereotype a person according to their gender and not by their capacity. Stereotypes are characteristics attributed to peopl e basedRead MoreMedia, Youth And Culture : Application Of Theory1664 Words   |  7 PagesMedia, Youth and Culture Application of Theory to Culture Discuss the ways in which gender identities are constructed and expressed through media and popular cultures? This essay will address the way in which gender identities are constructed and expressed through media and popular cultures using Hebdige’s theory; Symbolic Interaction. Both gender identities will test the typical affiliated gender stereotype; which are created by social interactions – what a person sees and interprets in theirRead MoreGender Differences In Communication Are A Set Of Rules1298 Words   |  6 PagesGender differences in communication are a set of rules based off what society perceives as accurate for a male or female in situations. This literature review investigates gender differences in communication, particularly differences in conversational style, body politics and attractiveness, work and education, in relation to learning the roles of gender. Results of the literature review suggest that gender differences exist in various ways. Communication for females indicate women are indirect andRead MoreGender Portrayal Of Gender Roles953 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction According to the United States Department of Labor, 69.7% of men compared to 57.2% of women were participating in the U.S. paid labor force in the year 2013 (U.S. Department of Labor, 2013). But despite this near equality in the rates of participation in the work force, men and women continue to be depicted in very distinct gender roles throughout the mainstream media (Eisend, 2010; Lull, Hanson, Marx, 1977; Collins, 2011). This gender stereotyping effect is especially prevalent withinRead MoreWomen s Influence On The Formation Of The New Land971 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout history men have been conquers, captains, leaders, kings, and have left a print in history. On the other hand, women are depicted as weak and fragile, unable to fend for themselves. According to society women need a strong masculine man to protect and provide for them. What if I told all that could’ve been different in a new world where women and men could be free, own land, and practice any religion, would you go? Many European settlers fled England with hopes to break free from tradition

The Importance of Gender Representations in Spanish Cinema Free Essays

The different works of art – from paintings to literary pieces – present prevailing themes in the society. They act as small fragments of a comprehensive historical narrative. These fragments, though fictional, are still able to reflect true scenarios, real life stories from which they are based upon. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Gender Representations in Spanish Cinema or any similar topic only for you Order Now To a certain extent, films serve the same purpose as any work of art – they present the artist’s feelings, thoughts, and reflections on whatever is happening in the society at the time of its creation. The different elements in any film – the social setting and the gender representations do not only bring life to its plot. Rather, these thematic elements of the film contribute fully on its general appeal and overall impact to its audiences. In this paper however, the researcher will only focus on one of these elements – gender representation. Putting a specific focus on this study, this paper will only explore the importance of these representations in Spanish cinema. To perform this purpose, common gender representations in some Spanish films will be revealed in relation to: how it reflects the prevalent issues in Spanish society; how it adds to the film’s appeal to local audiences; and how it provides an imagination of Spanish identities to local and international movie goers. 1st Assumption: Gender representations grant the films the ability to reflect the prevailing issues in the Spanish Society In the past few years, domestic violence has been a prevalent social problem in Spanish communities. Reports show that there is a high count of women who are suffering from the violence and physical abuse posed by their husbands and partners. Based on the report of Emma Daly in Christian Science Monitor, the Spanish society is suffering from a â€Å"machismo culture† where women are treated as inferior to men. (Daly, 1998) In relation to this important social issue, many films also carry domestic violence as significant thematic components in their plots. In such films, women are portrayed as the victims of their husbands’ consummation of their masculinity in a largely patriarch society that equates women to second-class citizens. Solo mia (2001) is one of the films which reflect this social issue. The movie puts into film a typical story that takes place not only in Spain but also in many societies where a once loving and tender relationship goes wrong. As shown in the movie, the relationship gradually transforms into a tale of obsession which prompts the husband to repeatedly subject his wife to domestic violence. (Saenz, 2009) The same social issue envelopes the film â€Å"Princesas† (2005) and El Bola (2000). In the first film, a prostitute suffers from the violence introduced by her lover while in the latter shows that children can also become victims of what is known in Spain as â€Å"Terrorismo Familiar†. Basically, Spanish cinema reflects not just the fact that domestic violence prevails in the real Spanish community. Rather, gender representations in the film also show that such type of violence affects women of all ages, and in different social classes. With the men presented mostly as the perpetrator of the violence, the films further shows that men in Spain often act adversely against the inferior women. nd Assumption: Gender representation increases the film’s appeal to local audiences by reinforcing nationalism and providing greater grounds for linkage and identification. Since Spanish cinema reflects prevalent values, ideas, and practices in the Spanish community, it gives the film a more localized appeal. The tendency to magnify one’s identification with t heir culture further increases the movies’ appeal to the local moviegoers. Basically, most of the Spanish films pose a generic thematic distinction from the mainstream Hollywood movies. While most Hollywood movies take the themes of liberal women who are posed as office workers and even successful professionals, most Spanish movies reflect on the importance of motherhood – a local theme that is common in many traditional patriarchal societies. Solas is one of the most famous films that glorify maternity as the only way for a woman to achieve real fulfillment and happiness. The film revolves around the story of Rosa and her daughter Maria. The two, both victims of domestic violence, are reunited after several years of being apart. Rosa has become a passive victim to her husband’s abuse but Maria refuses to surrender to the despotism and instead, decides to live in the city. However, Maria inevitably ends up in the same situation as that of her mother – being physically and emotionally abused by her boyfriend. To a certain degree, the portrayal of motherhood in the story works in two contrasting ways. Rosa retains the profile of the typical mother. She is portrayed as the submissive and self sacrificing woman who is willing to endure overwhelming hardships – the abuse of her husband – in order to potentially â€Å"save† her family from falling apart. However, she fails as Maria separates herself from the threat that her father poses. Fortunately, in line with Rosa’s angelic qualities as a mother, she is able to â€Å"save† her daughter from leading a devastating lifestyle through her captivating and unrestrained love and care. Following these implications, motherhood is presented in the story as a self-denying role which women must embrace not only to provide a certain sense of accomplishment but also to gain the ability to â€Å"save† people whom they care for. Motherhood is also presented as a Spanish woman’s way toward salvation and recovery as depicted in Maria’s character. Maria’s relationship with his boyfriend reflected a destructive scenario which led to her alcoholism. However, as Maria became pregnant, that signaled her positive transformation from an angry and hostile character to another motherly figure that’s kind, passionate, loving, and forgiving. In essence, Maria’s motherhood became her escape from the destructive factors that formerly consumed her life. Such gender representation embedded in the plot of the movie allows the local audiences – particularly women – to relate to characters and watch the film. 3rd Assumption: Gender representation in Spanish films offers both local and international audiences with an imagination of Spanish identities Gender representation forms a significant part of the local Spanish cultures and traditions. As films carry gender representation which is reflective of a distinct cultural identity, they then achieve significance as cultural accounts. The fact that the movies provide both local and international audiences with an idea of what comprises a real Spanish community qualifies them as relevant educational and enriching artifacts. In addition to that, these artifacts not only promote an imagination of Spanish identities. Rather, the Spanish movies also help people of other cultures in learning, appreciating, and understanding Spanish culture. For example, in the film â€Å"Coma agua para chocalate (1992) or ‘Like water for chocolate’†, the gender representations mirror how important must both men and women adhere to old superstitions and traditions. The film shows that marriage and love are restricted by old Spanish traditions as a young couple – Pedro and Tita – could not get married simply because Tita’s oldest sister has to get married first and because Tita had to first fulfill her domestic roles and â€Å"responsibilities† to her mother. Gender representation in La casa de los espiritus (1993) or â€Å"The House of the Spirits† also offers a glimpse at Spanish culture. This film shows the importance of social class as a local rags-to-riches patriarch does everything to prevent his daughter from marriage a lower class worker who fights for socialism. The same theme inspires the film, The Dog in the Manger (1995). In the movie, a Countess falls in love with his secretary. However, social status stands on their way. Furthermore, this gap in social position increasingly widens as the Countess, as a woman is expected to be submissive to societal expectations. Conclusions Gender representations become important elements to Spanish cinema mainly because they reflect prevailing issues and themes in a natural Spanish community. As these themes are reflected and portrayed, the films gain the local audience’s attention through the formation of linkages and character identification. Gender representations embedded in the plot also qualify the films as cultural artifacts that offer audiences with a glimpse of Spanish culture. On the whole, gender representation promotes the appreciation of not just Spanish movies, but of the Spanish culture as well. Through the gender roles promoted in the films, both local and international audiences learn how Spanish culture must be understood and appreciated. How to cite The Importance of Gender Representations in Spanish Cinema, Papers

Business Strategy West Fried Chicken

Question: Discuss about the Business Strategy for West Fried Chicken? Answer: Introduction: This paper is about the strategic analysis of the business strategy of West Fried Chicken. The company is fast food shop situated in London. The aim of the business of this company is to provide the best quality foods to the customers in the most affordable price. The business of the company is not so big at present. They are conducting their business with the vision of being one of the best seller brands of fast foods in the UK market. In order to fulfill the strategic vision of the company the management of this company needs to develop a good marketing strategy for attracting a huge amount of customers towards their products and services. The company is conducting their business well in the small target market with the superior level of customer services provided by the employees. Now they are operating in London. After developing a good place in the target market, now they are planning to expand their business. They are currently offering different types of fried chicken products such as fried chickens, grilled chickens, kebab, chicken popcorns etc. At present, the demands for fast foods are good but the people of the present world become more conscious about the health issues. Therefore, the fast food companies need to focus in the area of producing healthy food products for their customers. Diverse taste of the foods is also affecting the industry in a significant way as people of different region of the world are living in the UK. People are also showing their interest in taste of different regions in one place (Kellermanns, Dibrell and Cruz 2014). Therefore the companies of the fast food industry of the country are trying to develop diverse food products in healthier way. West Fried Chicken is not an exception of this trend. They are facing above mentioned trends in their target customers and they are also trying to introduce new range of fast food products for their customers. The company is trying to introduce a number of shops in different segments of UK where different types of regional fast foods of different countries will be available. In this context, the company needs to be associated with an efficient supplier company that will be able to supply the good quality products in a reasonable price (Wittmann and Reuter 2013). They have succeeded to increase the sale by 15 % in the last year by introducing some new fast foods. In this report, the business strategy of the company will be analyzed to understand the condition and future scope of the business. After analyzing the strategic goal, purpose and the business environment some suggestions will be given for the future improvement of the business. Strategic Analysis: In this section the internal and external environment of the business will be analyzed to understand the present condition of the business market and the position of the company. After analyzing these facts the SWOT analysis of the company will be done for understanding the potential strength and weaknesses of the company. PESTEL analysis: PESTEL analysis is the best tool for analyzing the external business environment of a business organization. In this the six important factors of the business environment will be analyzed. Political: The present market of the fast food is associated with supplying genetically modified food products. The UK government has some special rules regarding the labeling and packaging of this type of food products. The companies have to inform the customers about the genetically modified ingredients by writing this information on the packages. The customers have the right of taking decisions about purchasing these products (Ibrahim 2015). The fast-food business sector is exceedingly influenced by the presentation of (GST) Goods and Service Tax which brought about the progressions of costs in fast food outlets while the costs of other sustenance things stayed unaltered. In this manner, the fast food industry gives a greater focus on administration instead of item expressing that the client won't get such kind of administration in their homes to separate them (Kourdi 2015). Economic:The expense for setting-up a fast food joint or an outlet is low. It turns out to be similarly simple to enter the business sector. Franchising is an additional useful fact and offers setting up a decent brand image. The business sector is developing as ever and a developing business sector is vital for the fast food industry. At the season of recession, the fast food shops improve business than other costly eateries as the value component gets to be critical at such circumstances. Common people tend to minimize their costs as their extra cash is less (Morris et al. 2015). Social: The business of the fast food is highly associated with the life style of the common people has more focus on the social needs of the target customers. The trend of eating different types of fast foods is increasing which is influencing the business of the fast food sector. The increased health consciousness is affecting the product development strategy of the fast food companies. Generally, the fast foods are known as high calorie foods. This fact is affecting the choice of the health conscious people (Khalili Shavarini et al. 2013). Technological: This is fast growing industry where technological innovation is playing a vital role. Computerized order taking and the billing system is using for the business operations. In case of large business organizations, the electronic fund transfer and online order placing are also playing a vital role in the business of the fast food products (Alstete 2013). Environmental: At present, environmental development is a vital issue for the fast food companies. An eco-friendly company can develop a better brand image in the present world. In this context, the companies have to use the eco-friendly packaging of the products which can ensure the minimum level of negative effect on the environment. The energy efficient systems should be used in the outlets and production houses of the companies (Verbeke 2013). Legal: The companies which are conducting their business in the UK fast food sector should adopt proper Health and Safety regulations as the business is related to the foods. The rules proposed by the Food Standard Agency (FSA) should be maintained by the fast food companies (Pagani 2013). Porters five forces analysis: Porters five forces is a frame work useful for the analysis of the market completion of a business organization. There are five important factors which are affecting the market competition of WFC are discussed in the section below. Threat of new entries: The growing market which has high returns always attract new companies to enter in the market. This affects the profit level of all the existing companies. One of the main reasons behind this fact is the tendency of the customers to get attracted by the new products and services. The new companies attract the customers by attractive products and services within a low price by maintain a lower profit level at the initial stage of the business. In this case, WFC is itself a new company which is trying to enter in the broader market (Sabherwal, Hirschheim and Goles 2013). It has to ensure attractive services for developing the brand image and position in the broader market. Threat of substitute products: A lot of similar types of fast food products are available in the present market and the companies are always trying to develop new types of products for their customers. Therefore, the business organizations of this industry have a potential threat of the substitute products (Basili et al. 2013). Bargaining power of the customers: Bargaining power of the customers has a major effect on the profit level of the business of a company. The high bargaining power of the customers is the cause of lower profit in the business. More options of the companies for shopping give the high bargaining power to the customers. In this case, there are lot of fast food companies in the present UK market, so the customers have significant level of bargaining power (Rothaermel 2015). Bargaining power of the suppliers: Bargaining power of the suppliers is dependent on the number of suppliers available in the business area. Less number of suppliers increases the bargaining power which is harmful for the company. In this case, the WFC may not face this problem as there are lot of suppliers which are able to supply the necessary products for developing the different types of fast foods and offering to the customers (Pisano 2015). Intensity of competitive rivalry: The target market of the company is full of market competition. They are trying to enter in the broader market where some giant competitors are present. The big competitors of the company are McDonalds, KFC, Dominos, Subway, Greggs etc. There are lot of small restaurants and takeaway shops which are the potential competitors of the company. Therefore, the company needs to achieve the sustainable competitive advantage for conducting their business well and grow the business in the global market (Burlton 2015). SWOT analysis: After understanding the market environment and the competiveness of eth target market of the company, the SWOT analysis of the company will help to understand the strength, weakness, opportunity and threat of the business by comparing the factors of business environment to the current strategy of the company. Strengths: Good customer service Lower price Lot of options for the customers Quality assurance Weaknesses: New company, the brand image is not developed High expenses are required for developing the business for entering into the bigger market Low profit level Opportunities: Better customer service and eco-friendly business operations will help the company to develop the brand image and grow their business Trend of tasting different types of regional fast foods of the customers will help to grow their business by introducing the new ranges of regional foods. Threats: The high level of market completion and the presence of the big fast food companies in the target market is the main threat to the business of the company. Future Direction (Next 3 years): As the company is growing there business, the direction of the future business strategy should be set at this level. The company will give the main focus in the area of brand image development. In this context, the high level of customer services will be the main aim of the company. The business expansion will be also started in the first year and significant level of promotional activities will be the target. In the second year, the company will open number of outlets in UK. In this year, the promotional activities will be conducted in standard manner to develop the high level of awareness and to improve the brand image of the company. In the third year, the technological innovation and more expansion of the business will the main target of the company. Strategic Purpose: Re-evaluation of the vision and mission statement: As previously discussed, the mission of the company is to deliver the superior quality of the products in the most affordable prices to the customers. This mission of the company should be unchanged at the time of business expansion and the brand image development. Beside this mission another aim should be incorporated with the mission statement of the company. The aim is to conduct an eco-friendly business. Therefore, the modified mission statement of the company should be delivering the richest quality product in the best prices in an eco-friendly manner (Carraher and Paridon 2015). The company is conducting the business with the vision of being on the biggest fast food companies of the world. The vision is good for the growth of the company but the management the company should understand that the expansion of the business should not be too high. The expansion should be slow but steady. The rapid growth within a shorter time period may be harmful for the business operations of the company. In case of major growth over a short time period the company may take wrong decisions which may affect the business negatively. The companyshould increase the business step by step (Garcaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Rodrguez et al. 2014). At the first m the business expansion should have the target of being the best one among the local retailers available in the present local market in which the company is currently operating their business. After this step the target should be the being the best one in the companies in a larger area. In this strategy, by achieving the strategic vision ste p by step, the company will be able to achieve the ultimate vision of being one of the most successful fast food companies across the globe. This will take time but the strategic approach and proper business operation maintenance the company will be able to achieve this goal (Iacob et al.2015). Proposed changes in the strategy: The company is a small company and has the aim of increasing both of the market area and sales volume. The common growth strategies will be applied to the companys business strategy which will incorporate some changes in the previous business strategy of the company. The first strategic change will be required to incorporate the market penetration for gaining a good position in the expanded target market. In order to do this, the company needs to develop proper awareness about their product and services. In this area the main changes are required in the area of the promotional activities of the company (Schrader et al. 2012). They should also incorporate the product diversification strategy in their existing business strategy where they will be able to introduce a large number of new options for the customers. In this area, the company will introduce the regional fast foods of different countries for attracting the customers who are interested in tasting the foods of different areas (Nordin et al. 2013). The business of the company will be increased to a higher level, so the total operational strategy of the company needs to be updated as per the requirements. Hierarchical structure should be incorporated in the operational strategy of the company. They should also incorporate the latest technological innovation in their operational environment. The innovative IT tools should be sued for handling the information and the business operations of the expanded business of the company. The internet technology has become the essential part of the life of the common people (Woerner and Wixom 2015). The business operations can be efficiently expanded and operated by the use of the internet technology for information sharing, customer order taking, payment and customer feedback collection etc. Strategy Options for Growth: The main aim of the company is to expand their business. In this context, the selection of and maintenance of the growth strategies are the most important factors to be considered by the management of the company, in this area, the BCG matrixis one of the best models for analyzing the status of the growth of a particular organization (Woodard et al. 2012). Figure: BCG matrix (Source: Albeladi, Khan and Khan 2014) BCG Matrix: There are four sections of the BCG matrixwhich are indicating the individual status of a business organization. The sections are discussed in the below section: Question marks: This section refers that the business organization is currently operating in a lower market share in a market with high growth rate. The business organizations which are currently in the question market section have a low profit rate and small business are abut they have the potential to gain a good position into a broader market. The business organizations have the aim of going to the star section by the significant investments in the business area (Wang and Verma 2012). Stars: This section refers to the high market share of the company in a rapid growing industry. A business organization is able to reach to the star section after making the satisfactory level of investment in the question mark section. The organizations have the aim of reaching soon the next section of the business growth i.e., the Cash Cow section. Cash Cows: In the Cash Cow section, the business organizations are able to have a steady growth and high profit level in a steady and large market. The business is able to give the excess amount of cashes which are required to maintain the business operations. The business is considered to be able to give milk continuously (Slack 2015). Dogs: In this section, the business organizations arenot able to generate the required amount of revenues for maintaining the business operations of the company. When a company reaches to the Dogs state, its better to sell the company (Jayaram et al. 2014). In this case, the WFC is a small company which is expanding their business and ready to invest for the growth of the business. Now, the profit level of the company is not so high, therefore, the status of the company can be considered as in the Question mark section of the BCG matrix. The company has the aim of reaching to the star section and thereafter to the cash cow section of the BCG matrix (Leonidou et al. 2015). Porters competitive strategy: In order to achieve the desired growth rate of the company and the highest position in the BCG matrix, the company should achieve the sustainable competitive advantages. In this context, the management of the company should follow the Porters competitive strategy to ensure the desired level of competitive advantages from their business. porter developed a generic model to achieve the competitive advantages in the tough competitive market. The generic strategies are known as Cost leadership, Differentiation, and Focus strategies (Martinez-Simarro, Devece and Llopis-Albert 2015). Cost Leadership: In the initial level of the business expansion the target of the company will be to develop a good position in the target market by lowering the cost of the products. Cost leadership strategy is about minimizing the costs for attracting a lot of customers towards the products and services of the company. This strategy is not about just minimizing the price. Besides the cost cutting, the company should also pay attention towards the quality assurance of the products. They should not compromise with the quality of the food products they are offering to their customers (Fiorino and Bhan 2014). In order to do that, the company needs to incorporate best suppliers with the best quality and less price of the raw materials required for the production of the foods. Differentiation:Product differentiation is another growth strategy of the business organization. In this strategy WFC will introduce the new products as discussed in the previous sections (Rothaermel 2015). Focus: The focus strategy refers to the achievement of the goal through the narrow market segment. In this strategy the company will divide the main target into sum sub part for capturing the divided market segments (Burlton 2015). Target for next three years: The first target of the company will be the development of the HRM strategy and promotional activities. The target in the first year will be the leading in the company among the local fast food companies. In order to do that, efficient work force is needed. The company will recruit the efficient persons in the beginning and then they will go for the next step. After that, the new product development and sale force management will be the main targeted activity (Ibrahim 2015). In this context, the effective management of the SCM is required. In the second year the company will target these activities. In the third year, the company will have the target of using the using fully automated production systems and computerized database management for the business operations. They will also introduce the online platform for the business. Strategy Implementation: HRM Strategy: In order to get the desired level of success in the business, the HRM strategy should be able to efficiently manage all the people who are working within the company. In the initial level the selection procedure should be effective enough to choose the right people for the right job. After that, the job designing should be done as per the expertise of the employees. The key of getting success in the business is the effective level of collaboration of the work force. In order to get the desired level of collaborative effort of the employees, the company should pay attention to the motivation of the employees. They need to provide rewards to the employees for better performances in the workplaces (Slack 2015). Effective level of training should be provided to the employees before assigning the job responsibilities to them. Sales management: The sale force management is very vital for providing an effective level of customer services. The employees of the sales department should be properly trained to understand the customer requirements and provide them proper product with the effective level of help at the time of purchasing. In order to attract the customers, some special offers should be provided by the company. Monitoring system: The activity of the sales force of the company should be monitored by the upper level of management. The feed backs of the customer should be gathered by the management. If any problem found in this area, the management should take immediate steps for resolving the issues (Wang and Verma 2012). Supply Chain Management: The company has to use the cost leadership strategy, so they have to give a deep focus in the SCM. The selection of the efficient suppliers is the first work of the company. The transportation cost should be minimized by the company. In order to do that, they need to choose the suppliers near to the production houses. Initially they can use one centralized production house, from where the fresh foods will be delivered to the shops and the customers addresses daily (Fiorino and Bhan 2014). Recommendations for Maintaining Essential Conditions: The company should give the top level of responsibilities to the experienced people who will be able to efficiently monitor the work progress of the company and the level of customer services provided by the company. Use of innovative technologies is the most vital activity for ensuring the proposed growth strategy of the company. In this area, the advance tools of the information technology should be used by the company. The internet technology will help to find out an efficient suppliers and new innovative ideas for the business development. The data base management tools should be used by the company for handling the business operation related information. The promotional activities and public relationships can be properly maintained by the use of social media. Therefore, the company should use the social media platform as a tool of business operations. Internet technology will be used for order taking and supply after developing a good image and expanding the business throughout UK. In this context, they have to develop a web site and employ a number of IT experts to handle the IT related operations. Conclusion: In this paper, the business strategy of the Western Fried Chicken has been analyzed to understand the present status of the business. The company is small fast food company which is trying to expand their business in all over UK. The vision and mission statement of the company are analyzed and reassessed for ensuring the growth opportunity of the business of the company. The company is currently producing the popular preparations of chicken. They have the aim of supplying the top quality fresh foods to their customers in less price than the competitor companies. In order to enter the broader market the company will face huge completion from the big fast food industries. In order to face the competition, the company needs to use the porters competitive strategies. The HRM strategy sales management strategy and other business related operations should be upgraded as per the recommendation given in the company. The company is not so popular and will face tough market competition in broa der market, but they will be able to achieve the desired level of success by the use of the given recommendations. The company should use the advance media tools for promoting the products and services to the target customers. The prices of new products should be less than the other competitor companies. In this way the company will be able to penetrate the products in the new expanded target market. References: Albeladi, K.S., Khan, U. and Khan, P.M., 2014, March. Driving business value through an effective IT strategy development. InComputing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom), 2014 International Conference on(pp. 561-563). IEEE. 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